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US Oil Update: Futures Surge as Mideast, Russia Supply Risks Mount

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Crude futures edged higher in midday trading on Tuesday as a widening wave of disruptions across the Middle East and Russia deepened concerns about global supplies, with traders weighing attacks on Saudi energy infrastructure and damage to Russian refineries.

Front-month West Texas Intermediate futures rallied 5% to $106.48 per barrel, while Brent futures advanced 3.2% to $109/bbl.

Gelber & Associates strategists said that October WTI trades at $103.31/bbl, up $1.92 or 1.9%, as uncertainty surrounding Saudi Arabia's damaged East-West Pipeline sustains a substantial supply premium.

Saudi Arabia has reportedly halted oil loadings at its Red Sea port of Yanbu, and the country has informed European customers that some late-September crude cargoes would be canceled.

The Gulf state issued security alerts over a range of territory, including Mecca and Jeddah, on Tuesday. The Saudi Arabian Civil Defense later lifted the alerts, saying the danger had passed in Jeddah, Abha, Jazan, AlUla and Taif amid an uptick in attacks by the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia's East-West Pipeline, which was shut down since Friday, may restart soon, Chris Wright said in an interview with CNBC on Tuesday.

Kpler strategists said that damage to Saudi Arabia's East-West Pipeline has shifted the oil market's focus to export logistics, with the key question now how quickly the Gulf state can restore flows and reroute crude.

Kpler's base case assumes that Petroline will return at about 50% of its pre-attack capacity after repairs that could take as long as six weeks. The consultancy said that could reduce exports from the Red Sea port of Yanbu by about 2.5 million to 2.7 million barrels per day.

Meanwhile, Ukraine said on Tuesday it hit the Syzran refinery in Russia's Volga region overnight, as Kyiv's attacks on refineries in Russia have helped drive diesel prices to record highs.

The attacks came after the two sides welcomed a potential energy truce floated by President Trump. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy proposed that his country's partners secure an agreement with Russia to stop the destruction of critical infrastructure.

Dan Bunkering strategists said in a weekly note that Ukrainian attacks have reduced Russian refinery output and product availability, and there is little reason to assume this pressure will disappear.

On the supply front, ING strategists said growing tightness in diesel markets, including in the US, has raised speculation about possible US export controls on crude oil and refined products.

ING strategists said that the Trump administration has pushed back against the idea, arguing that an export ban would do little to bring down prices.

Though restricting refined-product exports could provide some near-term price relief, the analysts said it would also pressure refinery margins and could eventually prompt refiners to cut processing rates, tightening supplies and pushing prices higher over the longer term.

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Oil & Energy

US Oil Update: Futures Rise on Saudi Pipeline Attack, Vessel Strikes

Crude futures settled higher in after-hours trading on Monday as strikes on Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline and attacks on vessels in the Strait of Hormuz heightened fears of severe, long-term global supply disruptions.Front-month West Texas Intermediate futures gained 1.8% to $101.89 per barrel, while Brent futures were up 1.7% to $106.39/bbl.Saudi Arabia has shut down the 7 million barrels per day pipeline, ING strategists said, adding that it's unclear how severe any potential damage is or how long it will be out of action.On Friday, Saudi Arabia shut its East-West oil pipeline as a precaution after it came under multiple attacks in the Riyadh and Medina regions.The pipeline has served as a critical alternative to the Strait of Hormuz, and Gelber & Associates analysts said its closure threatens exports from Yanbu if repairs extend beyond the port's limited inventory buffer."The relatively contained price reaction suggests the market still expects Saudi inventories to cushion exports in the near term, but if the disruption extends beyond the five-to-seven-day inventory cushion, that could change quickly," said Janiv Shah, vice president, commodity markets - Oil at Rystad Energy.On the supply front, President Trump said on Monday that crude was flowing through the Hormuz and that countries benefiting from the strategic waterway's security should reimburse the US for the costs of protecting it.The latest data from Windward showed that 17 vessels crossed the strait as of Sunday, comprising 10 inbound transits along the southern US-assisted lane and seven on the northern Iranian-controlled lane.Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said on Monday said that supertanker "Algaya" exploded after striking naval mines as the vessel tried to transit the Hormuz through a restricted zone south of the strategic waterway.The US President also claimed that Iran wants to reach a deal with the US, while making clear that he would decide whether Washington would negotiate."The failing Nation of Iran wants to make a deal, quickly and badly," Trump said in a social media post on Truth Social. "I will determine whether or not the US will choose to engage..."Meanwhile, a meeting between Iran and the six-member bloc of Gulf countries to discuss the situation in Hormuz, originally scheduled to take place Monday in Oman, has been postponed after the attack on the pipeline.Esmaeil Baqaei, spokesperson of Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said in televised remarks on Monday that Saudi Arabia's request to postpone the regional summit and attribute it to developments in Yemen is "a diversion from the root causes of this crisis."ING strategist said that the delay in the meeting between Iran and Gulf states pushes any prospect of de-escalation even further out of reach.

Oil & Energy

Crude Tanker Rates Hit New Highs as Hormuz Attacks Raise Shipping Risks, Kpler Says

Crude tanker rates hit new highs as escalating attacks in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz push shipping risks higher, Kpler said Monday.About 24 successful strikes have emerged over the past two weeks, with eight attributed to the US and the rest to Iran, sharply raising risks for crude shipping.Despite the attacks, US Navy convoys continue moving Gulf barrels, while owners and charterers remain willing to load under escort as higher risks translate into steeper freight costs.Very Large Crude Carrier freight from the Middle East Gulf to China reached $24 per barrel, while Gulf of Oman cargoes climbed to $12/bbl.Freight now accounts for 25% of crude value on Middle East Gulf shipments, up from 17% when the conflict began and about 5% before the war, Kpler said.For Gulf of Oman cargoes, freight represents 11% of crude value, showing how shipping costs increasingly determine the delivered price Asian refiners pay.Tanker rates outside the Middle East also reached their highest levels of the year as owners position ships for Gulf employment, leaving Atlantic Basin buyers competing harder for vessels.That competition is spreading the Hormuz risk premium across global tanker routes, even where ships have no direct exposure to the Strait, Kpler said.Kpler expects tanker rates to stabilize in the coming days, as another major increase in geopolitical risk would likely push the market toward fewer Gulf loadings instead of higher freight.Continued attacks could therefore reduce crude availability and Gulf tanker demand rather than trigger another proportional freight surge, creating a ceiling for rates despite elevated shipping risks.Higher freight costs are also pressuring Asian refiners, which need stronger refined-product margins to offset rising crude delivery expenses from the Middle East Gulf and Gulf of Oman.Refiners unable to pass those added costs to fuel buyers could face weaker economics, extending the tanker market squeeze across the broader oil complex, Kpler said.

Oil & Energy

Saudi Oil Exports Could Fall Up to 4 Million B/d if Pipeline Outage Persists, Kpler Says

A prolonged outage on Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline could ultimately reduce Saudi crude exports by roughly 3.5 million to 4 million barrels per day, depending on the extent and duration of the disruption, Kpler analyst Amena Bakr said in a Monday note.A suspected Iraq-based drone attack on the pipeline has exposed a growing vulnerability in the region's oil infrastructure, bringing the conflict closer to facilities critical to global crude supplies, Bakr said.Industry sources told Kpler that the Sept. 10 attack struck the pipeline at multiple locations and caused significant damage to at least one pumping station. Saudi Arabia's Energy Ministry later confirmed it had shut down the pipeline as a precaution.The 1,200-kilometer Petroline carries crude from Saudi Arabia's eastern producing regions to Yanbu on the Red Sea. With a nameplate capacity of about 7 million b/d, it provides Saudi Arabia with its principal alternative to exports through the Strait of Hormuz.Saudi Aramco has continued meeting customer commitments without declaring force majeure, drawing on inventories held around the world. However, the Red Sea buffer is shrinking.Kpler estimates Yanbu crude inventories at less than 15 million barrels, down from almost 21 million in July and close to their lowest level since 2018.Satellite imagery confirmed two very large crude carriers loading at Saudi Arabia's west coast terminals on Sept. 10, with five additional tankers reportedly expected to load.However, Bakr noted that visibility is becoming increasingly difficult as vessels increasingly switch off their AIS transponders while loading at Saudi west coast terminals, a practice that is also becoming more common in the Middle East Gulf.The attack has also raised the risk of a wider confrontation. Saudi Arabia said the drones originated from Iraq, while stressing that this did not mean the Iraqi government was responsible.Riyadh said it would not retaliate "at this stage," giving Baghdad time to prevent further attacks, but reserved the right to respond.The alternative routes for escalation carry their own risks. Further action against Iran-aligned militias could draw the US deeper into Iraq, while escalation against Yemen's Houthis could threaten Red Sea shipping. Direct strikes on Iran could put the Strait of Hormuz at greater risk.The broader concern is that attacks are moving closer to oil-producing infrastructure. Damage to major processing facilities or producing fields would represent a far greater threat to global supply."The global oil market cannot absorb that progression indefinitely. Either escalation produces an off-ramp, or it produces a larger supply shock that finally forces one," Bakr said.