Crude futures were little changed in midday trading Friday as market participants weighed tougher US measures against Iran and the risk of a broader response from China.
Front-month West Texas Intermediate crude futures were down 0.03% at $86.80 per barrel, while Brent futures were up 0.26% to $94.02/bbl.
Analysts said continued instability across the Middle East is keeping crude and refined-product prices supported as markets monitor the potential for further interruptions to regional energy flows.
"The lack of a solution in the Middle East continues to raise oil prices, which have now risen for several days in a row," Pia Fromlet, an economist at SEB Research, said in a Friday note.
Gelber & Associates analysts said WTI is trading near $86/bbl as traders take some profit after a weekly advance of almost 5%.
"Washington's harder economic stance toward Iran and the lack of progress toward reopening the Strait of Hormuz continue to keep a substantial supply premium in the market," analysts said.
Markets are now awaiting the broader sanctions package on Iran, which is likely to be announced Monday.
US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Thursday that he will share details of the economic sanctions against Iran on Monday.
Washington is preparing a broad package to further isolate Iran, with measures potentially extending to foreign companies and institutions that continue commercial ties with the country, MUFG Research analyst Soojin Kim said in a Friday note.
The US plans to disclose details of the measures next week, and the scope of the action could have wider implications for international trade with Iran, Kim said.
In response, Iran's Foreign Minister Seyed Abbas Araghchi posted on X, citing sanctions imposed on Iran over the past 14 years and saying those rounds had failed.
"We have seen this movie before," Araghchi posted on X, saying it was the same story with different "bullies."
However, traders are concerned about a potential response from China, a major buyer of Iranian crude, if the measures target companies and institutions that maintain commercial ties with Iran, according to a note from Saxo Bank.
"The measures are expected to target Tehran directly, while potentially extending to countries that continue doing business with Iran, including China," analysts at Aegis Hedging said in a Friday note.
Aegis cited Rystad Energy's forecasts that Chinese crude purchases could increase by up to 1.2 million barrels per day from Q3 through year-end 2026 after the world's largest crude importer reduced purchases and refinery runs in response to the Middle East-driven price spike.
Separately, Omani and Iranian foreign ministers are also reportedly discussing options to restart talks on the Strait of Hormuz.
Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron and Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman are reportedly set to meet in Paris on Monday, with talks to focus on alternative transportation and routing options in response to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz.
The US naval blockade has virtually halted Iran's oil exports, while vessel attacks in the Strait of Hormuz and Ukrainian strikes on Russian energy infrastructure are adding pressure to global fuel markets, Kim added.
Despite the ongoing disruptions, analysts said the oil market may be able to absorb the current supply constraints for some time.
"Even without a formal agreement to reopen the Strait, the economy and markets can likely live with the current situation for some time," SEB analysts said.
Meanwhile, Nato is reportedly hosting talks to secure the Strait of Hormuz. Nato's Supreme Allied Commander, US General Alexus Grynkewich, reportedly met with other defense leaders to secure support for protecting ship traffic in the strait.
Security risks also remain elevated beyond the Strait of Hormuz. A US-sanctioned tanker reportedly sailing under a false flag was hijacked in the Gulf of Aden and redirected toward Somalia, according to MarineTraffic on Thursday.
Six armed individuals reportedly boarded the tanker and took control of the vessel.
MarineTraffic data showed that the 32,200-deadweight-ton oil products tanker updated its AIS destination to Port Sudan on Aug. 14 and entered the Somalia "high-risk" area on Aug. 19.