Middle East oil supply is recovering faster than expected and could return to pre-conflict levels by the end of 2026, Rystad Energy said in a note on Thursday, citing improving Gulf production and easing supply disruptions.
Brent crude traded near $73 per barrel, close to a three-month low, as the market priced in a quicker recovery.
Rystad estimated shut-in production across the Gulf fell to 9.6 million barrels per day in mid-June from 11.7 million b/d three weeks earlier.
The firm attributed the faster recovery to a preliminary US-Iran agreement reached on June 17, a 60-day US sanctions waiver for Iranian oil exports and earlier-than-expected production restart plans across the Gulf.
"Two million barrels a day came back online in three weeks, and the recovery is spread across the region," said Aditya Saraswat, MENA research director at Rystad Energy.
He noted that Iran is leading the rebound, Kuwait has resumed its July cargo tenders after lifting force majeure, and Saudi Arabia is on track to reach a record 4.5 million b/d of Yanbu exports this month.
"Storage tanks across the Gulf are around 50% to 60% full, so if tanker traffic through the strait does not pick up in the near term, producers will need to throttle back output, and the full recovery moves into next year," Saraswat added.
Rystad expects regional outages to fall below 2 million b/d by the end of Q3, with production returning to pre-conflict levels by December.
Saudi Arabia and the UAE account for about 65% of current regional production and kept exports flowing through pipeline routes during the conflict.
Iran is recovering more quickly because its production shutdown was shorter and upstream damage remained limited, while Kuwait and Iraq face a slower restart.
The US Treasury's decision to suspend Iranian oil sanctions from June 22 through Aug. 21 has opened the door for a faster recovery.
Rystad expects Iran's oil production to increase from the current 2.4 million b/d to 3.1 million b/d by August and to 3.3 million b/d by year-end if sanctions relief continues.
Saudi Arabia's 7 million b/d East-West pipeline helped maintain exports during the conflict. Shipments through Yanbu increased from less than 1 million b/d before the conflict to 3.3 million b/d in March, 4 million b/d in April and are on track to reach a record 4.5 million b/d in mid-June.
The UAE is expanding the Habshan-Fujairah pipeline to increase bypass capacity from 1.8 million b/d to 3.3 million b/d by around 2027.
Adnoc also plans to raise crude production capacity to 5 million b/d next year from 4.85 million b/d, with a longer-term target of 6 million b/d.
Rystad said the pace of tanker movements through the Strait of Hormuz will determine whether the recovery stays on schedule.
If shipping fails to normalize in the near term, the firm expects the region's production recovery to slip back into 2027.
The Middle East has recovered from every major supply disruption over the past 60 years, including the Arab oil embargo, the Iran-Iraq war and the invasion of Kuwait.
Rystad added the current recovery is already underway despite the region's largest recorded supply shock.