US residents are moving away from places facing high risk of poor air quality, though affordability is a bigger challenge for them in such areas, a report by Redfin showed Monday.
Based on one-year migration data through July 1, 2025, some 277,740 more people moved out of high-risk counties in the US than into them last year, compared with the peak net outflow of 603,270 in 2021. Since then, the outflow has dropped each year, according to the online real estate brokerage.
Counties at low risk of poor air quality recorded a net inflow of 296,342 in 2025 versus 594,556 in 2021. Inflows have also dropped each year since then, according to the report. The inflow to such places usually indicates that affordability, lifestyle and other draws outweigh potentially smoky air.
Redfin defines a high-risk county as one in the top 10% for the share of homes facing high risk of poor air quality.
Data suggest relocation trends are "strongly" tied to housing costs, Redfin said. Many high-risk counties that are losing the most residents include Los Angeles County and Kings County in Brooklyn. These are also among the most expensive counties in the US, according to the report.
"While air-quality concerns may influence some movers, affordability is a bigger factor, with Americans leaving expensive high-risk counties and moving into relatively affordable ones," Redfin said. "Almost every part of the country faces at least some risk of poor air quality."
Earlier this month, another Redfin report showed US home sales in July hit the lowest level in almost two years amid near-record prices, high mortgage rates and economic instability.
Air quality is a major concern as wildfire smoke becomes more frequent and intense, the brokerage said Monday.
"You can choose a place with lower risk, but there's no smoke-free bubble to move to," Redfin Chief Economist Daryl Fairweather said. "For most people, the answer isn't packing up and leaving -- it's adapting to a world where bad-air days can show up almost anywhere."



