-- 市場普遍預期,聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)將在本週的會議上維持聯邦基金利率目標區間在3.50%至3.75%不變,因此,市場焦點將集中在美聯儲主席傑羅姆·鮑威爾的會後講話上。 鮑威爾將於6月FOMC下次會議前卸任,但他表示將留任至繼任者凱文沃許獲得確認為止。 芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的聯準會觀察工具目前顯示,市場對維持目前目標區間不變的機率為100%。 FOMC週三會議後的聲明預計將於美國東部時間下午2:00發布,鮑威爾主席的新聞發布會定於美國東部時間下午2:30開始。 本週會議不會更新經濟預測摘要。 聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)成員之間仍在就伊朗衝突對通膨的影響進行辯論。有些成員,特別是聯準會理事史蒂芬·米蘭,認為伊朗衝突對通膨的影響是暫時的,可以忽略不計;而另一些成員則更為謹慎,認為其影響可能廣泛且持續時間更長。 鮑威爾在3月30日表示,在伊朗衝突帶來的短期價格衝擊之後,通膨預期仍然穩固,FOMC有時間觀察情況,然後再將其納入政策制定。 此後,3月消費者物價指數上漲0.9%,主要受汽油價格21.2%的飆漲推高。即使不考慮汽車銷售和加油站銷售的成長,3月零售銷售也展現出韌性。 同時,3月非農業就業人數從2月的下降中反彈,失業率從上月的4.4%降至4.3%。 克利夫蘭聯邦儲備銀行主席貝絲·哈馬克和達拉斯聯邦儲備銀行主席洛里·洛根今年都是聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)的投票成員。她們在4月初表示,伊朗衝突加劇了經濟前景的不確定性。哈馬克補充說,FOMC應該暫時維持利率不變,如果通膨進一步上升,下一次升息可能就是升息。 當月晚些時候,聯準會理事克里斯多福沃勒在4月17日表示,如果他知道能源價格很快就會回落,他願意忽略最近的能源價格飆升;但他同時表示,如果伊朗衝突對能源以外的其他行業的通膨產生了更深遠的影響,FOMC可能會維持利率不變更長。 4月21日,沃什的確認聽證會引發了美國參議員的擔憂,他們認為沃什在製定政策時無法避免政治偏見。但沃什表示,他沒有與美國總統唐納德·川普達成任何協議來獲得聯準會主席的提名,也不會像民主黨參議員伊麗莎白·沃倫所暗示的那樣成為川普的「傀儡」。
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