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美联储预计将在4月会议上再次维持利率不变

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-- 市场普遍预期,联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)将在本周的会议上维持联邦基金利率目标区间在3.50%至3.75%不变,因此,市场焦点将集中在美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔的会后讲话上。 鲍威尔将于6月FOMC下次会议前卸任,但他表示将留任至其继任者凯文·沃什获得确认为止。 芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的美联储观察工具目前显示,市场对维持当前目标区间不变的概率为100%。 FOMC周三会议后的声明预计将于美国东部时间下午2:00发布,鲍威尔主席的新闻发布会定于美国东部时间下午2:30开始。 本周会议不会更新经济预测概要。 联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)成员之间仍在就伊朗冲突对通胀的影响进行辩论。一些成员,特别是美联储理事斯蒂芬·米兰,认为伊朗冲突对通胀的影响是暂时的,可以忽略不计;而另一些成员则更为谨慎,认为其影响可能广泛且持续时间更长。 鲍威尔在3月30日表示,在伊朗冲突带来的短期价格冲击之后,通胀预期仍然稳固,FOMC有时间观察情况,然后再将其纳入政策制定。 此后,3月份消费者价格指数上涨0.9%,主要受汽油价格21.2%的飙升推高。即使不考虑汽车销售和加油站销售的增长,3月份零售销售也展现出韧性。 与此同时,3月份非农就业人数从2月份的下降中反弹,失业率从上月的4.4%降至4.3%。 克利夫兰联储主席贝丝·哈马克和达拉斯联储主席洛里·洛根今年都是联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)的投票成员。她们在4月初表示,伊朗冲突加剧了经济前景的不确定性。哈马克补充说,FOMC应该暂时维持利率不变,如果通胀进一步上升,下一次加息可能就是加息。 当月晚些时候,美联储理事克里斯托弗·沃勒在4月17日表示,如果他知道能源价格很快就会回落,他愿意忽略最近的能源价格飙升;但他同时表示,如果伊朗冲突对能源以外的其他行业的通胀产生了更深远的影响,FOMC可能会维持利率不变更长时间。 4月21日,沃什的确认听证会引发了美国参议员们的担忧,他们认为沃什在制定政策时无法避免政治偏见。但沃什表示,他没有与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普达成任何协议来获得美联储主席的提名,也不会像民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦所暗示的那样成为特朗普的“傀儡”。

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