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日本央行会议纪要显示,在伊朗石油冲击下,市场对加息的支持率不断上升。

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-- 日本央行3月18日至19日会议纪要周四显示,政策制定者讨论了如果伊朗冲突引发的油价冲击持续并加剧通胀,则有必要进一步加息。 此次3月会议是日本央行自2月底美以联军空袭伊朗以来的首次政策会议。委员会维持短期政策利率在0.75%不变,但由于油价飙升加剧了日元疲软带来的通胀压力,因此仍保持紧缩政策倾向。 多位委员警告称,央行不能忽视能源成本上涨可能推高通胀预期并促使企业继续将成本转嫁给消费者的风险。一位政策制定者呼吁“不间隔太长”地加息,另一位则表示,如果经济在中东冲突中保持韧性,日本央行应“毫不犹豫”地收紧政策。 会议纪要显示,许多委员认为此次油价冲击是暂时的,并表示日本央行应基本忽略短期内由供应驱动的价格上涨。但政策制定者也警告称,长期的冲突可能会引发对潜在通胀的二次影响,需要采取货币政策应对措施。 此次讨论反映出日本央行对通胀上行风险日益增长的担忧。日本央行行长上田一夫在3月份的会议后表示,政策制定者更加关注通胀风险而非经济增长的下行风险,同时警告称,原油价格上涨和日元走软可能会推高物价,使其高于预期。 在4月29日至30日举行的日本央行会议上,鹰派立场进一步加强。九名理事中有三人提议将利率上调至1.0%,这是自2016年以来反对票最多的一次。日本央行还大幅上调了通胀预期,并警告称企业越来越愿意将更高的成本转嫁给消费者。 路透社援引汇丰银行驻香港首席亚洲经济学家弗雷德·诺伊曼在4月份会议后的话称:“尽管日本央行维持利率不变,但这三张反对票凸显了货币官员面临的压力。” 诺伊曼补充道:“鉴于日本通胀预期较高,且由于能源危机而进一步上升,日本央行将在适当时候提高利率,以防止价格压力进一步加剧。”

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