-- 受中东冲突导致能源价格大幅上涨的影响,美国3月份消费者价格指数(CPI)加速攀升至近四年来的最高月度水平。 美国劳工统计局周五公布的数据显示,3月份CPI上涨0.9%,创下自2022年6月以来的最大增速。这一最新数据与彭博社民调的预期基本一致。2月份CPI上涨0.3%。 3月份CPI同比涨幅从2月份的2.4%升至3.3%,低于华尔街此前3.4%的预期。 牛津经济研究院首席美国经济学家伯纳德·亚罗斯(Bernard Yaros)在发给的电子邮件中表示:“美以伊战争的影响在3月份的CPI中显而易见。” 本周早些时候,美国和伊朗达成了为期两周的停火协议。这场始于2月底的战争迅速蔓延至整个中东地区,并切断了至关重要的霍尔木兹海峡的运输,导致能源价格大幅上涨。 官方数据显示,3月份能源价格环比上涨约11%,其中汽油价格飙升21%,几乎占整体涨幅的四分之三。燃油价格上涨31%。 能源指数同比上涨约13%。 亚罗斯警告称,由于加油站油价持续上涨,下一次公布的CPI数据将“异常强劲”。 亚罗斯表示:“与政府停摆相关的统计异常现象将会消退,这将给4月份的CPI带来另一个不寻常的上行压力。此外,能源价格冲击也将逐渐蔓延至食品和其他核心价格。” 官方数据显示,3月份食品价格与上月持平,但同比上涨2.7%。 剔除波动较大的食品和能源价格后的核心通胀率从2月份的2.5%升至3月份的2.6%,低于市场预期的2.7%。该指标环比维持在0.2%不变,而市场预期增速将加快至0.3%。 道明经济高级经济学家托马斯·费尔特梅特在一份报告中指出:“尽管核心价格指数略低于预期,但考虑到能源成本飙升可能会在未来几个月推高其他商品和服务的价格,目前的指数似乎有些滞后。与此同时,关税成本上涨的影响也将持续传导,这意味着通胀的短期走势可能走高。” 周四公布的政府数据显示,美国2月份以个人消费支出衡量的通胀率环比加快,但美联储更青睐的核心通胀指标保持稳定。 美联储主席亚罗斯周五表示:“美联储将把能源供应冲击视为一次性通胀推高,并将密切关注就业市场的任何疲软迹象。” “只要长期通胀预期保持稳定,我们仍然认为美联储将在今年晚些时候出手干预,两次降息以应对能源供应冲击,从而提振劳动力市场。” 据芝商所FedWatch工具显示,市场普遍预期美联储将在本月晚些时候维持基准贷款利率不变。
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