-- 能源与清洁空气研究中心(CREA)周二表示,与2025年3月相比,霍尔木兹海峡关闭后的第一个月,全球化石燃料发电总量略有下降。 尽管各国仍在努力应对这场被誉为历史上最严重的能源冲击,但与一年前相比,部分化石燃料使用量的转移似乎缓解了目前天然气供应面临的压力。 CREA的结论基于涵盖全球87%燃煤发电量和超过60%燃气发电量的数据集。 总体而言,3月份化石燃料发电量比去年同期下降了1%,其中燃气发电量下降了4%,燃煤发电量保持不变。 当月海运煤炭运输量下降了3%,降至2021年以来的最低水平。CREA认为,这与认为危机将导致燃煤发电量上升的观点相悖。报告指出,2025年太阳能和风能装机容量将达到创纪录水平,从而降低对化石燃料发电的需求。 中国能源监管机构(CREA)表示,若排除中国,仅考虑拥有实时电力数据的国家,燃煤发电量下降了3.5%。与此同时,这些国家的太阳能发电量增长了14%,风能发电量增长了8%。 水力发电量也增长了2%,但核电发电量同时出现更大幅度的下降。 鉴于中国庞大的燃煤发电装机容量和丰富的煤炭资源,中国3月份的燃煤发电量增长了2%,这一趋势在意料之中。尽管如此,CREA指出,2026年3月的燃煤发电量仍比2024年同期水平低6%。 总体而言,3月份发电量同比增长,但具体增幅未予说明。这凸显了伊朗冲突的影响更多地体现在交通运输领域,各国政府正集中精力通过降低燃油税和减少出行需求来缓解危机。 值得注意的是,CREA指出,2025年新增的太阳能和风能发电量将是危机前霍尔木兹海峡液化天然气(LNG)总输电量的两倍。 然而,电力需求总体上仍在快速增长,交通运输电气化和数据中心的部署被视为未来几年电力需求增长的主要来源,这将导致新建燃气发电厂的涡轮机交付周期延长。
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