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伍德麥肯茲公司稱,核融合產業正在擴張;預計5年內將建成商業化電廠。

-- 伍德麥肯茲(Wood Mackenzie)週五表示,由於近期技術突破,核融合產業正在加速發展,多家公司預計在未來五年內建成商業規模的聚變電站。 據該研究公司稱,自2022年以來,已投入運作的聚變電站數量和在建項目數量分別增加了15%和53%。 作為近期的突破,Helion Energy公司的聚變電站達到了創紀錄的1.5億攝氏度等離子體溫度,約為太陽中心溫度的十倍。 這家新創公司預計將於2028年啟動其首個聚變電站的運營,並已與微軟(MSFT)簽署了50兆瓦的購電協議,同時也可能與OpenAI達成一項5吉瓦的協議。 同時,聯邦聚變系統公司(Commonwealth Fusion Systems)計劃在2030年代初在維吉尼亞州開發一座併網規模的聚變發電廠,並已與Alphabet(GOOG)旗下的谷歌公司簽署了一份200兆瓦的購電協議。 另一家聚變公司Inertia計劃於2030年破土動工建造其首個併網規模的試點工廠,該公司已於今年2月籌集了4.5億美元的資金。 伍德麥肯茲公司(Wood Mackenzie)表示:“如果聚變公司能夠按計劃交付運行中的工廠,它們將能夠與小型模組化反應器(SMR,新一代裂變電站)的供應商保持同步發展。” 據該研究公司稱,到2050年,預計523吉瓦的下一代核電裝置容量中,小型模組化反應器將佔據很大一部分,但聚變電站可能會佔據部分市場份額,尤其是在2040年後。 支持性政策和私部門的參與對聚變產業的擴張至關重要。 美國能源部高級研究計畫署(ARPA-E)近期宣布投入1.35億美元用於推動相關技術的發展,同時,全球私人企業已籌集約105億美元用於支持該產業。 伍德麥肯茲公司預測,到今年底,聚變能源領域的投資將達到約150億美元。 該研究公司表示:「各國為減少對進口石油和天然氣的依賴所做的努力將為該行業的成長注入新的動力。」該公司還指出,中東地區曠日持久的衝突可能導致該地區到2050年對能源進口的依賴程度降低一半。 伍德麥肯茲公司表示:“聚變能源最初可能貢獻甚微,但其作用將逐漸增強。”

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