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Vortexa表示,衝突衝擊後油輪運價出現分化,清潔能源市場維持堅挺。

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-- Vortexa策略師週日在一份報告中指出,中東衝突爆發後,油輪運費飆升,但隨著霍爾木茲海峽的通行風險重塑定價格局,原油和成品油市場目前正朝著不同的方向發展。 Vortexa貨運分析師張婉瑩表示,由於中東海灣地區的動盪風險迫使船東和租船人重新評估通過該咽喉要道的運輸風險,各船型的運費市場最初出現上漲。 然而,儘管原油油輪運費開始失去上漲動力,但成品油輪市場仍保持強勁支撐。原油油輪的反應最為迅速,其中以超大型原油運輸船(VLCC)最為突出,這類船舶主導中東海灣地區的原油出口。 營運商迅速將地緣政治風險溢價計入價格,而租船人則爭相鎖定貨源,推動了阿拉伯灣航線收益的大幅增長。 Vortexa表示,這波漲勢曾短暫蔓延至較小的原油運輸板塊,蘇伊士型和阿芙拉型油輪受益於市場轉向大西洋盆地原油以及超大型原油運輸船(VLCC)運力有限導致的貨物分割。 「原油油輪市場頂端的動盪波及整個船隊,導致運力收緊,並推高了各船型的髒油運費,」張先生表示。 然而,小型原油油輪的漲勢此後逐漸消退。隨著最初的緊迫性消退和船舶運力改善,蘇伊士型和阿芙拉型油輪的運價已回落至衝突前的水平,尤其是在大西洋盆地,大量壓載船的湧入緩解了運力緊張的局面。 此外,LR2型油輪轉向髒油運輸也進一步打壓了運價。 相較之下,與中東、海灣和太平洋航線相關的VLCC收益仍反映出與霍爾木茲海峽不確定性相關的較高風險溢價,包括潛在的延誤和更緊張的遠期運力。 由於壓載噸位的增加,大西洋原油航線的漲幅較為溫和,船東的定價能力受到限制。 清潔油輪市場的運價也有所上漲,但回檔幅度遠小於前者。張先生認為,這種韌性並非僅源自於市場中斷風險,而是結構性因素收緊了有效船舶供應。 Vortexa公司表示,關鍵驅動因素是中遠程成品油輪從太平洋大規模調往大西洋,因為亞洲煉油需求疲軟,而美國墨西哥灣和歐洲的出口流量卻在成長。 長途航線提高了船舶利用率,導致船舶長期閒置。 「MR、LR1和LR2型油輪從太平洋到大西洋的壓載噸位調往大西洋的創紀錄規模,反映了就業機會的明顯重新配置,」張先生說。 同時,由於LR2型油輪暫時轉為原油運輸,導致可用於運輸成品油的塗層油輪數量減少,進一步限制了供應。儘管更高的清潔能源效益目前抑制了進一步的轉運,但先前的轉運已經導致市場趨緊。 Vortexa表示,大西洋盆地最初表現優異,這得益於中東海灣以外地區對替代燃料貨物的需求,但隨著更多運力進入市場以及詢價放緩,溢價近期有所收窄。同時,太平洋盆地運價仍受到霍爾木茲海峽相關風險的支撐。 展望未來,該顧問公司表示,霍爾木茲海峽的重新開放可能會緩解部分地緣政治溢價,但不太可能引發貨運市場的全面重置。

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