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TRM Labs稱,伊朗基於加密貨幣的霍爾木茲海峽收費系統每天可產生高達2,000萬美元的收入。

-- TRM Labs週四發布的報告指出,伊朗的通行費框架規定,每艘船舶通過霍爾木茲海峽需支付最高200萬美元的費用,可使用加密貨幣或人民幣支付,預計每日收入約為2000萬美元。 根據該體系,船舶運營商必須先聯繫與伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊有關聯的匿名中間機構,並提交詳細的船舶數據,包括所有權、貨物、航線和船員信息,以供審批。 隨後,當局將對船舶進行篩檢,以確定是否與美國或以色列有關聯,部分船舶將被完全拒絕通行。 TRM表示,其他船舶則根據「友好程度」被劃分為五個等級,並補充說,「友好國家」支付的通行費較低。 此外,通行費也根據原油運輸量和船舶等級進行協商,油輪的通行費通常在每桶0.50美元至1美元之間,具體費率因國籍等級而異。 此外,據TRM稱,滿載約200萬桶原油的超大型原油運輸船(VLCC)預計每艘需支付約200萬美元。 貨櫃船和其他船型的費用需單獨協商。 該說明指出,費率也因船舶所屬國家/地區而異,而貨櫃船和其他船型的費用則根據具體情況而定。 該說明也補充道,付款必須以數位資產或人民幣形式透過崑崙銀行或中國跨境銀行間支付系統(CIPS)進行。 付款後,船舶將收到甚高頻(VHF)廣播通行碼,並在伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊(IRGC)海軍護航艦艇的引導下,沿著拉拉克島附近的北部通道通行。 TRM Labs表示,伊朗使用數位資產支付過境費,是加密貨幣助力國家規避制裁的一個顯著例證,因為支付繞過了傳統的金融體系。 伊朗於今年3月透過其《霍爾木茲海峽管理計畫》正式確立了這個框架。 據TRM稱,“根據目前的交通流量,公開估計,僅油輪一項收費,該收費系統每天就能帶來高達2000萬美元的收入;如果將液化天然氣運輸船也計算在內,每月收入可能達到6億至8億美元。” 據TRM實驗室稱,“負責收費的未具名中介機構的身份仍然不明——這對於未來任何針對該支付網絡的執法或製裁行動而言都是一個關鍵漏洞。” 該報告還指出,加密貨幣交易使得在美國銀行管道之外的結算速度更快,因此難以即時監控或阻止支付。 TRM表示,儘管巴基斯坦斡旋達成的停火協議已於4月7日生效,但收費系統仍有效。 據TRM稱,“收費系統仍然有效,而且伊朗的製度基礎設施……表明短期內不會取消收費。”

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