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Rystad表示,隨著產量下降加速,未來石油平衡取決於新項目。

-- Rystad Energy週二表示,儘管表面上供應充足,但全球能源市場在2026年仍面臨脆弱的平衡,因為地緣政治衝擊暴露了更深層的風險。 Rystad Energy指出,市場短期供應穩定,但中東緊張局勢加劇和航運路線中斷暴露了潛在的脆弱性,並收緊了原油供應。 該公司表示,海上石油產量每年下降約6%,迫使該產業每天增產近170萬桶才能維持目前的產量水準。 Rystad Energy表示,開發商需要五到七年才能將深水項目投入運營,因此目前的投資主要是為了防止2030年代初產量出現更大幅度的下降,而不是為了製造供應過剩。 生產商現在優先考慮成本更低、排放更低的資源,同時,在天然氣供應缺口不斷擴大的情況下,到2050年,該行業仍需開發約5,400億桶液體燃料。 Rystad Energy表示,儘管地緣政治風險持續影響主要產油區的投資決策,但資本可能會逐漸向穩定地區轉移,不確定性仍然很高。 該公司稱,巴西、圭亞那和美國灣地區因其資源品質和出口便利性而更受投資者青睞。 Rystad Energy表示,2026年海上投資額可能達到約1,240億美元,但該產業必須維持較高的長期支出並採用先進技術,以確保未來的供應穩定。 受中東衝突和霍爾木茲海峽中斷的影響,2026年全球液體燃料市場供應量預期由每日300萬桶的盈餘轉變為供應衝擊。 Rystad補充道,布蘭特原油價格預測從先前的每桶60美元躍升至2026年的每桶約87美元,而隨著供應狀況逐步穩定,價格可能在2027年回落至每桶約72美元。 該公司表示,由於運輸瓶頸而非全球產能不足,市場在3月至5月期間可能面臨約240萬桶/日的暫時性缺口。 Rystad Energy指出,多達1,000萬桶/日的供應仍滯留在霍爾木茲附近,而美國、巴西和圭亞那的產量成長僅能彌補約20%至25%的供應中斷。 此次供應中斷凸顯出,供應的可及性而非可用性才是市場壓力的驅動因素,即便長期基本面仍顯示全球資源充足。 即使目前的供應中斷在一年內緩解,近期在穩定地區獲批的項目將有助於維持長期的供需平衡,因為這些投資旨在滿足未來的需求,而非製造過剩產量。 Rystad Energy表示,海上開發將在本十年後期發揮關鍵作用,因為目前核准的項目有助於抵消自然減產的影響,並支持供應穩定直至2030年代初。 隨著EHTF、HISEP和20k PSI系統等技術的出現,能源產業在提高能源供應品質的同時,也提高了能源供應量。這些技術降低了成本和排放,使得新的海上計畫能夠逐步取代成本更高、碳排放量更高的能源。 該公司表示,到2050年,能源產業必須保持每年近6,400億美元的投資,同時採用新技術並向更安全的地區轉移,以在日益動盪的能源系統中維持平衡。

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