-- Rystad Energy周二表示,尽管表面上供应充足,但全球能源市场在2026年仍面临脆弱的平衡,因为地缘政治冲击暴露了更深层次的风险。 Rystad Energy指出,市场短期供应稳定,但中东紧张局势加剧和航运路线中断暴露了潜在的脆弱性,并收紧了原油供应。 该公司表示,海上石油产量每年下降约6%,迫使该行业每天增产近170万桶才能维持目前的产量水平。 Rystad Energy表示,开发商需要五到七年才能将深水项目投入运营,因此目前的投资主要是为了防止2030年代初产量出现更大幅度的下降,而不是为了制造供应过剩。 生产商现在优先考虑成本更低、排放更低的资源,同时,在天然气供应缺口不断扩大的情况下,到2050年,该行业仍需开发约5400亿桶液体燃料。 Rystad Energy表示,尽管地缘政治风险持续影响主要产油区的投资决策,但资本可能会逐渐向稳定地区转移,不确定性依然很高。 该公司称,巴西、圭亚那和美国湾地区因其资源质量和出口便利性而更受投资者青睐。 Rystad Energy表示,2026年海上投资额可能达到约1240亿美元,但该行业必须维持较高的长期支出并采用先进技术,以确保未来的供应稳定。 受中东冲突和霍尔木兹海峡中断的影响,2026年全球液体燃料市场供应量预期由每日300万桶的盈余转变为供应冲击。 Rystad补充道,布伦特原油价格预测从之前的每桶60美元跃升至2026年的每桶约87美元,而随着供应状况逐步稳定,价格可能在2027年回落至每桶约72美元。 该公司表示,由于运输瓶颈而非全球产能不足,市场在3月至5月期间可能面临约240万桶/日的暂时性缺口。 Rystad Energy指出,多达1000万桶/日的供应仍然滞留在霍尔木兹附近,而美国、巴西和圭亚那的产量增长仅能弥补约20%至25%的供应中断。 此次供应中断凸显出,供应的可及性而非可用性才是市场压力的驱动因素,即便长期基本面仍然表明全球资源充足。 即使目前的供应中断在一年内缓解,近期在稳定地区获批的项目将有助于维持长期的供需平衡,因为这些投资旨在满足未来的需求,而非制造过剩产量。 Rystad Energy表示,海上开发将在本十年后期发挥关键作用,因为目前获批的项目有助于抵消自然减产的影响,并支持供应稳定直至2030年代初。 随着EHTF、HISEP和20k PSI系统等技术的出现,能源行业在提高能源供应质量的同时,也提高了能源供应量。这些技术降低了成本和排放,使得新的海上项目能够逐步取代成本更高、碳排放量更高的能源。 该公司表示,到2050年,能源行业必须保持每年近6400亿美元的投资,同时采用新技术并向更安全的地区转移,以在日益动荡的能源系统中维持平衡。
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