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Rystad表示,能源危機有利於替代海事燃料,但需要支持性政策和投資。

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-- Rystad Energy週四發布的一份研究報告指出,最新的全球能源危機可能成為海事燃料領域變革的催化劑,就像它促使一些政策制定者加快推進再生能源計畫一樣,因為航運業正在考慮替代燃料能否緩解燃料短缺問題。 報告稱,海事燃料供應趨緊有助於改善新興替代燃料的經濟效益,其中一些替代燃料先前僅因其環境效益就受到關注。 Rystad表示,這場危機正在改變生質柴油的投資前景,生質柴油同時面臨來自航空業日益激烈的原料競爭。同樣,生物液化天然氣目前看起來很有吸引力,但其應用範圍狹窄,且物流基礎設施尚未完善。 生物甲醇的應用前景日益明朗,但供應限制暫時限制了其發展潛力;而可直接取代生物甲醇的電子甲醇生產成本更高,且缺乏監管支持。 Rystad指出,乙醇被描述為一種可靠的能源安全燃料,但目前只有少數船舶可以使用;而氨則需要政策制定者的支持和基礎設施投資。 Rystad表示,隨著替代燃料在緩解新的能源安全問題方面展現出的潛力,其環境效益的優先考慮可能會變得更加迫切,因此,這些種類繁多的替代燃料可能會獲得更多監管關注。 目前,海事燃料的主要環境合規架構包括國際海事組織淨零排放架構和歐盟FuelEU海事法規及其排放交易體系所製定的標準。 Rystad表示:“霍爾木茲海峽危機迫使這一問題凸顯出來,為替代燃料開闢了一種可能更為持久的投資理由,這種理由並不依賴於任何監管機制的存續。” 自衝突初期以來,海事燃料市場已受到一定影響,新加坡超低硫燃料油(VLSFO)和低硫船用柴油價格飆升,這更多是由於市場預期供應短缺風險,而非實際出現短缺。 Rystad Energy預計價格將在4月至5月達到高峰。該公司表示,市場要到明年年中才能恢復正常。 儘管替代燃料的經濟效益正在改善,但環保遊說團體在生態方面卻面臨阻力。定於10月舉行的海洋環境保護委員會會議遭到美國、一些主要石油生產國和日本的日益強烈的反對,這些國家都試圖削弱淨零排放目標。 Rystad表示,缺乏監管或監管含糊不清將是最糟糕的情況,因為沒有明確的監管訊號來保障這些燃料生產的投資確定性。 Rystad指出,這也可能錯失危機帶來的機遇,即在環境效益之外,進一步增強推動清潔燃料普及的政治授權。 Rystad表示:“那些及早採取行動,確保燃料供應鏈多元化和韌性的企業,將更有能力抵禦未來的衝擊,並獲得燃料靈活性日益增長的商業優勢。”

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