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Rystad表示,儘管停火,但經由霍爾木茲河的原油輸送量減少,煉油利潤率收窄。

-- Rystad Energy策略師週一在一份報告中指出,隨著經由霍爾木茲海峽的石油運輸量持續下降,全球原油市場供應進一步收緊,加劇了供應衝擊。此前,交易員曾希望上週布蘭特原油價格短暫回落後供應衝擊有所緩解。 Rystad首席石油分析師Paola Rodriguez-Masiu表示:“川普宣布重啟經濟後,上週五布蘭特原油價格出現拋售潮,帶來了一些緩解。利潤率有所回升,部分北海、西非和黑海原油的利潤率一度看起來又可以接受。” 現貨原油成本已遠超期貨基準價格,4月份布蘭特原油期貨均價超過每桶20美元,加上現貨價差和運費,價格又增加了20至25美元,使得許多煉油廠難以承受替代原油的成本。 Rystad表示,一些交易員將上週布蘭特原油價格的回落解讀為供應中斷最嚴重時期已經過去的訊號。然而,根本性的物理限制並未改善。 羅德里格斯·馬西烏表示,危機尚未過去。 「歐洲需要更多原油,而有能力生產原油的煉油廠卻在減產。煉油廠層面的理性應對措施,在系統層面將造成災難性後果。」她說。 自中東衝突爆發以來,經由霍爾木茲海峽的石油運輸量有所下降。 雷斯塔德能源顧問公司表示,4月的石油供應中斷情況預計將比3月更加嚴重,中東海灣地區的石油日均產量為1,430萬桶,比上月減少約300萬桶,比戰前水準低1,300萬多桶。 該顧問公司表示,延布、富查伊拉和傑伊漢等替代出口的石油運輸量已達到創紀錄的680萬桶/日,但其中新增供應量僅為420萬桶/日,遠不足以彌補損失的供應量。 4月初,隨著伊朗和阿曼水域雙通道的開通,原油運輸量有所改善,伊拉克原油裝載量也有所上升。然而,儘管伊朗宣布將重新開放霍爾木茲海峽,但在4月8日停火後,原油運輸量再次惡化。 由於美國海軍的封鎖仍限制船隻進出伊朗港口,Rystad指出,剩餘的原油運輸量(主要是伊朗原油和凝析油)正在枯竭。 預計在4月22日停火協議到期前,和平談判將繼續進行,但Rystad表示,即使迅速達成協議,也無法立即恢復供應。 該顧問公司預測,原油運輸量要到7月才能恢復到戰前水準的80%至90%,而這些原油還需要一到兩個月的時間才能作為成品油運抵煉廠。 供應緊張導致布蘭特原油現貨價差達到約25美元/桶,反映出可立即裝船的原油價格溢價極高。 「如此短線的市場不會溫和地趨於平穩,」羅德里格斯·馬西烏說。 “它會通過推高即期價格進行回調,而且煉油利潤率壓縮持續的時間越長,回調的幅度就越大。”

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