-- Ember策略师周四在一份报告中指出,尽管政府补贴将于2027年起逐步削减,但英国Drax集团2025年仍获得了创纪录的9.99亿英镑(约合14亿美元)生物质发电站公共补贴。 Ember分析师表示,这些补贴通过消费者能源账单支付,相当于每天约270万英镑,每年平均增加英国家庭约13英镑的电费。 Ember英国高级分析师弗兰基·梅奥表示,从2027年初开始,补贴金额将降至每年约4.6亿英镑,标志着大规模生物质发电补贴逐步取消的开始。 梅奥表示,即便如此,每天的补贴金额仍约为125万英镑,或每个家庭每年约6英镑。 Drax运营着英国发电量最大的发电站,同时也是英国最大的碳排放源。然而,根据现行核算规则,燃烧木质生物质产生的排放被归类为碳中和,因此符合可再生能源补贴的条件。 Ember表示,补贴是通过两项计划提供的:一是可再生能源义务(Renewables Obligation,RO),该计划在2025年为Drax的三台发电机组支付了7.28亿英镑;二是差价合约(Contracts for Difference,CFD),该计划为第四台发电机组提供了2.71亿英镑。 自2012年以来,Drax获得的补贴总额已达87.2亿英镑,其中大部分来自RO计划,该计划将于2027年第一季度结束。 Ember表示,一种新的、成本更低的CFD机制将取代RO计划,该合约的有效期最长可达四年,直至2031年。尽管新计划下的执行价格在2024年将上涨至每兆瓦时157英镑,但补贴发电量将受到限制。 然而,尽管补贴有所减少,但由于其运营规模庞大,Ember预计Drax至少在2030年之前仍将是英国最大的碳排放源。 该电厂的长期前景仍然不明朗,因为Drax已放弃了投资碳捕获技术的计划,而这项技术曾是其争取持续补贴的关键所在。Ember分析师表示,如果没有碳捕获技术,继续获得公共补贴的理由将大大削弱。 这家能源公司已经缩减了相关项目,并将投资转向其他能源技术,这进一步引发了人们对生物质能在英国未来能源结构中作用的质疑。
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