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受中东战争加剧能源价格飙升的影响,德国3月份通胀率创两年新高。

-- 受中东持续战乱导致能源价格飙升的影响,德国2026年3月的年通胀率加速攀升,达到2024年1月以来的最高水平。 德国联邦统计局周五公布的最终数据显示,3月份德国消费者价格指数(CPI)从2月份的1.9%升至2.7%,与此前的初步估计相符。环比来看,CPI环比涨幅与此前公布的1.1%的初值一致,高于前值0.2%。 能源产品价格同比上涨7.2%,这是自2023年12月以来能源价格首次出现同比上涨。受战争影响,其中汽车燃油和取暖油价格分别飙升20%和44.4%。 服务业方面,价格上涨3.2%,食品和日用品价格分别上涨0.9%和2.3%,与整体通胀率基本一致。剔除食品和能源价格后的核心通胀率为2.5%。 与此同时,年度调和通胀率从2%升至2.8%。调和消费者价格环比上涨1.2%,高于前一月的0.4%。德国统计局确认了这两项数据的初步读数。 展望未来,荷兰国际集团(ING)预计德国整体通胀率将进一步上升,并在2026年的大部分时间里保持在3%至4%之间。 该研究机构在3月30日的一份报告中指出:“总而言之,今天的德国通胀数据显示,目前源于中东战争的新一轮通胀浪潮‘仅仅’是能源价格冲击。欧洲央行对这一新价格冲击的任何反应,显然取决于飙升的能源价格是否会波及到其他经济领域。”毋庸置疑,通胀压力扩大和通胀预期脱锚可能引发欧洲央行加息。然而,就目前而言——至少在欧洲央行内部,冒着使用禁忌词汇的风险——能源价格冲击仍被归类为“暂时性”的。

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