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韓国経済、半導体需要の高まりを受け第1四半期に成長

-- 韓国経済は、人工知能(AI)と世界的な半導体需要の高まりを背景に、第1四半期に拡大した。 韓国銀行は木曜日、国内総生産(GDP)が前期比1.7%増となり、ロイター通信の予想である1%増を上回ったと発表した。 GDP増加の主な要因は、半導体を含む情報技術(IT)製品の輸出が5.1%増加したことである。これらの製品の輸入は、機械設備と自動車の増加により3%増加した。 韓国の大手半導体メーカーは、AI需要の高まりを受けて巨額の利益を上げている。SKハイニックス(KRX:000660)は、第1四半期の株主帰属純利益が前年同期比398%増の40兆3000億ウォンに達した。同社の同期間の売上高は前年同期比198%増の52兆6000億ウォンとなった。 一方、韓国銀行(BoK)によると、設備投資は機械・輸送機器の増加を背景に4.8%増加した。 建設投資は2.8%増加したが、政府消費は0.1%の増加にとどまった。 INGの韓国・日本担当シニアエコノミスト、ミン・ジュ・カン氏は、中東紛争による混乱を相殺し、今後数カ月で半導体輸出が勢いを増すと予想されると述べた。4月の輸出データによると、輸出総額は前年比50%増、半導体輸出は182%増と急増した。しかし、韓国経済は原油価格高騰によるインフレ上昇やエネルギー供給の混乱といったリスクに依然として直面している。 カン氏は、「韓国政府はナフサの輸出を一時的に禁止し、韓国企業は中東以外の地域から石油・ガスの輸入を増やした」と述べ、「こうした措置にもかかわらず、製造業は依然としてフル稼働を維持できていない」と付け加えた。 カン氏は、半導体輸出は今年後半に減速し始める可能性があると述べた。 ANZのアジア担当エコノミスト、クリスタル・タン氏は、半導体産業がイラン内戦によるショックを緩和する一助となる可能性があるとしながらも、紛争の影響が徐々に顕在化し、需給の不均衡が解消されないままとなるにつれ、今後数四半期で成長が鈍化する可能性もあると指摘する。 「重要なのは、大規模な新規メモリ製造能力の実用化は2027年後半から始まると予想されており、現在のサイクルにはまだ余地があることを示唆している点だ」とタン氏は述べた。「半導体輸出の継続的な好調は、韓国にとって、他の多くのエネルギー輸入国が持ち合わせていない、外部ショックに対する一定の緩衝材となるだろう。」

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