-- Rystad Energy的策略师周一在一份报告中指出,中东冲突颠覆了全球液化天然气(LNG)的基本面,导致卡塔尔的LNG产量大幅下降,并引发了对亚洲和欧洲天然气供需平衡的长期重新评估。 Rystad的分析师表示,3月份标志着LNG产量连续12个月同比增长的局面结束,因为卡塔尔关键基础设施遭到袭击,导致该国约17%的液化产能在未来三到五年内受到影响。 尽管美国和其他产气国的产量增长将全球LNG月度产量损失控制在200万吨以下,但分析师表示,长期影响远比这严重得多。 Rystad目前预测,2026年全球LNG总供应损失将达到3200万至4000万吨,如果霍尔木兹海峡的中断持续或恶化,下行风险可能高达6800万吨。 尽管卡塔尔在4月中旬有限度地重启了石油作业,但鉴于基础设施损毁的规模以及霍尔木兹海峡海上运输的不确定性,整体前景并未发生太大变化。 Rystad分析师表示,亚洲首当其冲地承受了此次中断带来的影响。由于约83%的中断货物通常流向该地区,依赖进口的经济体被迫迅速调整需求。 受价格敏感性和替代效应的影响,南亚液化天然气进口量同比下降18%,即使是富裕的东亚买家也削减了约15%的进口量,降幅远超预期,达到250万吨。 Rystad表示,供应紧张的局面已波及燃料市场,太平洋盆地的煤炭消耗量再次上升,导致区域价格同比上涨45%,原因是各国政府和公用事业公司都在寻求更便宜的替代能源。 中国也未能幸免。得益于强劲的国内供应,该国2026年的液化天然气进口预测已下调至7060万吨,这反映出边际需求疲软以及采购策略的结构性转变。 相比之下,欧洲迄今为止除了天然气交易平台(TTF)基准价格高企外,尚未出现明显的压力。 得益于美国稳定的天然气供应和温和的天气抑制了天然气消耗,欧洲液化天然气进口量环比和同比基本持平,同时,强劲的可再生能源发电也支撑了适度的库存注入。 然而,Rystad表示,欧洲表面上的稳定可能只是暂时的。该咨询公司指出,随着中东供应持续受限,对美国天然气的竞争可能会加剧,而管道输送能力的限制也制约了欧洲寻找替代来源的能力。 报告称:“3月份稳定的供应可能会让欧洲大陆产生一种虚假的安全感。”报告还补充说,欧洲最终可能面临在冬季来临前降低库存或减少天然气消费之间的选择。 Rystad预测,中东冲突将重塑液化天然气市场格局,直至2030年。卡塔尔设施受损造成的结构性损失以及包括卡塔尔北部气田扩建项目和鲁瓦伊斯液化天然气项目在内的重大项目延期,将导致全球供应趋紧。 预计欧洲和亚洲的液化天然气价格将上涨,而高企的油价可能会对美国亨利枢纽天然气基准价格构成下行压力。
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