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雷斯塔銀行稱,阿聯酋退出歐佩克+,對歐佩克+控制全球石油供應構成打擊

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-- Rystad Energy的策略師在周五發布的一份白皮書中指出,阿聯酋決定從5月1日起退出歐佩克+,這將削弱該組織在全球石油供應管理方面的能力,而此時地緣政治衝擊已經扭曲了市場。 Rystad的分析師表示,此舉將使該聯盟中為數不多的擁有大量剩餘產能且合規記錄良好的產油國之一退出,從而削弱歐佩克+作為協調供應管理者的作用。 持續的中東衝突導致全球石油市場產量大幅下降,擾亂了區域石油流動,並加劇了霍爾木茲海峽的風險。 Rystad表示,包括沙烏地阿拉伯、阿聯酋、科威特、伊拉克、伊朗、巴林和卡達在內的主要中東產油國的原油和凝析油產量從2月份的約2,750萬桶/日下降至3月份平均每天減少1,060萬桶。 預計持續的供應中斷將在4月加劇至1290萬桶/日,如果緊張局勢緩解,則從5月中旬開始有所緩解。 歐佩克+的總產量從2月份的約3676萬桶/日降至3月份的2768萬桶/日,比該產油國集團的配額低約900萬桶/日。 在正常情況下,該卡特爾會透過調整供應來應對此類供應中斷。然而,阿聯酋的退出使平衡從協調管理轉向更具競爭性的生產環境。 儘管阿聯酋最終可能會根據價格訊號增加產量,但其短期內增產的能力受到物流中斷和區域不穩定的限制。 Rystad分析師表示,直接影響不在於目前的供應,而在於海灣國家在局勢穩定後未來的彈性。 全球原油需求依然堅挺,約1.05億桶/日,顯示實際供需平衡比表面數據所顯示的更為緊張。儘管歐佩克+名義上的剩餘產能估計約為600萬桶/日,但其中超過65%集中在沙烏地阿拉伯和阿聯酋。 Rystad Energy表示,隨著阿聯酋退出歐佩克+,該聯盟實際上失去了對約150萬桶/日剩餘產能的控制權,進一步限制了其集體應對供應衝擊的能力。 同時,阿聯酋的退出反映出其擴張策略與歐佩克+配額限制之間日益加劇的緊張關係。 Rystad Energy指出,由於產量限制,阿聯酋2025年的平均產量約為312萬桶/日,低於其裝置容量。 在最近一次中東衝突爆發前,阿聯酋的產量比其配額低約340萬桶/日。 阿聯酋國家石油公司(ADNOC)正在大力投資,計劃到2027年將產能擴大到500萬桶/日,其長期目標是達到600萬桶/日。 Rystad表示,擴建計畫包括海上上札庫姆油田和陸上資產,例如巴布和布哈薩油田,以及阿布達比國家石油公司鑽井公司(ADNOC Drilling)主導的鑽井活動增加。 產能脫節 在阿聯酋退出歐佩克+之前,其雄心勃勃的1500億美元上游擴張計劃與該聯盟設定的產量限制之間已持續多年緊張關係。 儘管阿聯酋最初的目標是到2030年實現500萬桶/日的產能,但Rystad表示,這項時間表已被多次提前。 截至去年年底,ADNOC的可持續產能已達到約485萬桶/日,這得益於大型陸上油田的擴建以及薩塔赫·拉茲布特和烏姆·盧盧等海上項目的開發。 Rystad能源分析師表示:“隨著每一個新的產能里程碑的達成,阿布達比已建成產能與其獲準生產的產能之間的差距都在擴大。” 儘管阿聯酋的潛在產量攀升至500萬桶/日甚至可能達到600萬桶/日,但歐佩克+協議將其實際產量控制在320萬至350萬桶/日之間。 同時,阿聯酋的退出也將重塑歐佩克內部剩餘產能的分配格局,使沙烏地阿拉伯的市場影響力更加集中。 去年年初,歐佩克+的總減產規模約為400萬桶/日。到今年5月,這一數字已降至約100萬桶/日,而阿聯酋在退出歐佩克+前的份額更是縮減至僅7.2萬桶/日。 儘管歐佩克+名義上仍擁有約480萬桶/日的剩餘產能,但Rystad Energy估計,沙烏地阿拉伯的剩餘產能約為180萬桶/日,接近總量的40%。 Rystad Energy表示,其他產油國面臨的種種限制使其難以迅速做出反應。基礎設施瓶頸限制了伊拉克的剩餘產能,而科威特則面臨其巨型布爾甘油田產量逐漸下降的困境。 據Rystad分析師稱,剩下的問題主要取決於沙烏地阿拉伯。 白皮書指出:“一旦阿聯酋完全脫離歐佩克+框架,成為一家獨立的產油國,而伊拉克和科威特又面臨各自的結構性制約,那麼任何有意義的減產或協調增產的槓桿幾乎完全掌握在利雅得手中。” 阿聯酋的退出也可能促使其他產油國重新考慮是否繼續參與歐佩克+,尤其是那些產能不斷增長且財政狀況相對穩健的國家。 Rystad分析師表示,哈薩克是一個潛在的候選國。該國多次超額完成產量目標,擴大了田吉茲油田的產量,並曾因合規問題與歐佩克+發生衝突。 分析師表示:“一旦阿聯酋證明退出歐佩克+是可行且有利可圖的,其他國家就可以效仿。” 儘管地緣政治動盪和現有的供應限制可能會減輕阿聯酋退出市場的直接影響,但 Rystad 分析師表示,其長期影響更為深遠。

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