-- Rystad Energy的策略師週一在一份報告中指出,中東衝突顛覆了全球液化天然氣(LNG)的基本面,導致卡達的LNG產量大幅下降,並引發了對亞洲和歐洲天然氣供需平衡的長期重新評估。 Rystad的分析師表示,3月份標誌著LNG產量連續12個月同比增長的局面結束,因為卡達關鍵基礎設施遭到襲擊,導致該國約17%的液化產能在未來三到五年內受到影響。 儘管美國和其他產氣國的產量成長將全球LNG月產量損失控制在200萬噸以下,但分析師表示,長期影響遠比這嚴重得多。 Rystad目前預測,2026年全球LNG總供應損失將達到3,200萬至4,000萬噸,如果霍爾木茲海峽的中斷持續或惡化,下行風險可能高達6,800萬噸。 儘管卡達在4月中旬有限度地重啟了石油作業,但鑑於基礎設施損毀的規模以及霍爾木茲海峽海上運輸的不確定性,整體前景並未發生太大變化。 Rystad分析師表示,亞洲首當其沖地承受了這次中斷帶來的影響。由於約83%的中斷貨物通常流向該地區,依賴進口的經濟體被迫迅速調整需求。 受價格敏感度和替代效應的影響,南亞液化天然氣進口量年減18%,即使是富裕的東亞買家也削減了約15%的進口量,降幅遠超預期,達到250萬噸。 Rystad表示,供應緊張的局面已波及燃料市場,太平洋盆地的煤炭消耗量再次上升,導致區域價格年增45%,因為各國政府和公用事業公司都在尋求更便宜的替代能源。 中國也未能倖免。由於強勁的國內供應,該國2026年的液化天然氣進口預測已下調至7,060萬噸,反映出邊際需求疲軟以及採購策略的結構性轉變。 相較之下,歐洲迄今除了天然氣交易平台(TTF)基準價格高企外,尚未出現明顯的壓力。 由於美國穩定的天然氣供應和溫和的天氣抑制了天然氣消耗,歐洲液化天然氣進口量環比和同比基本持平,同時,強勁的可再生能源發電也支撐了適度的庫存注入。 然而,Rystad表示,歐洲表面上的穩定可能只是暫時的。該顧問公司指出,隨著中東供應持續受限,對美國天然氣的競爭可能會加劇,而管道輸送能力的限制也限制了歐洲尋找替代來源的能力。 報告指出:「3月穩定的供應可能會讓歐洲大陸產生一種虛假的安全感。」報告還補充說,歐洲最終可能面臨在冬季來臨前降低庫存或減少天然氣消費之間的選擇。 Rystad預測,中東衝突將重塑液化天然氣市場格局,直到2030年。卡達設施受損造成的結構性損失以及包括卡達北部氣田擴建工程和魯瓦伊斯液化天然氣計畫在內的重大計畫延期,將導致全球供應趨緊。 預計歐洲和亞洲的液化天然氣價格將上漲,而高階的油價可能會對美國亨利樞紐天然氣基準價格造成下行壓力。
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