-- 据阿格斯(Argus)周五发布的分析报告显示,受美伊冲突影响,海湾地区每日约450万桶的石油出口中断,迫使买家转向成本高昂的替代供应,亚洲正面临严重的燃料短缺。 阿格斯指出,亚太地区通常向西方市场出口燃料,但美伊冲突逆转了这一趋势,导致大量燃料从西方流入亚洲。 阿格斯援引Kpler的数据补充道,中间馏分油的变化最为显著,预计4月份航空煤油和柴油的套利流入量将达到创纪录的每日23.1万桶,主要来自俄罗斯。 阿格斯补充说,相比之下,苏伊士运河以西地区的燃料流入量在2025年仅为每日7000桶,2024年也仅为每日1.5万桶,这凸显了冲突造成的贸易格局剧变。 石脑油市场也已吸纳了近300万吨套利货物,其中包括约300万吨从苏伊士运河以西装船的货物,以弥补霍尔木兹海峡每月300万至400万吨的典型供应缺口。 Argus表示,这些流入量仍然不足,因为亚洲每月消耗约600万至700万吨石脑油,迫使裂解装置减产,并导致多家公司因原料持续短缺而宣布不可抗力。 汽油市场也呈现类似趋势。Kpler的航运数据显示,亚太买家已从苏伊士运河以西锁定约11.9万桶/日的套利货物,预计5月份到港,远高于历史水平。 报告指出,相比之下,2025年仅为8000桶/日,2024年为1.7万桶/日。 分析指出,尽管有这些流入,但成品油裂解价差收窄并非完全源于供应状况的改善,而是由于市场情绪在早期停火谈判中趋于缓和。 本周,汽油利润率下降21%至每桶23.74美元,柴油利润率下降12.9%至每桶54.56美元,航空煤油利润率下降2.8%至每桶73.51美元,而石脑油裂解价差则暴跌32.15%至每吨212.03美元。 欧洲夏季驾车出行高峰期可能会加剧货物竞争,迫使亚洲买家扩大东西向价差,以吸引来自西方市场的货物。 然而,套利收益有所减弱,汽油东西向价差从4月1日的每桶12.15美元收窄至4月15日的每桶2.95美元,降低了流入亚洲的动力。 4月15日,天然气油价差从4月1日的每吨130.91美元跌至每吨-76.16美元;同期,石脑油价差也从每吨100.75美元跌至每吨67.50美元,进一步限制了套利机会。 Argus援引市场参与者的话补充道,如果霍尔木兹海峡继续关闭,炼油商可能需要加工替代原油或抑制需求,因为价差窄和运费高昂限制了可行的套利机会。 分析人士警告称,套利机会只是权宜之计,全球供应不足以完全替代海湾地区的出口,这意味着价格必须进一步上涨才能抑制需求或促使炼油商提高产量。
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