-- 达拉斯联邦储备银行的研究人员周五在一篇文章中指出,霍尔木兹海峡长达一个季度的关闭可能会使美国今年的通胀率上升0.6个百分点。 在美以与伊朗的战争蔓延至整个中东地区后,能源价格飙升。霍尔木兹海峡是重要的贸易通道,但实际上已被伊朗封锁。 伊朗外交部长赛义德·阿巴斯·阿拉格奇周五表示,在以色列和黎巴嫩达成停火协议后,霍尔木兹海峡“完全开放”。他表示,在周四开始的为期10天的停火期间,海峡将保持开放。消息公布后,原油价格暴跌。 麦格理资本全球策略主管维克托·什韦茨在一份报告中指出:“霍尔木兹海峡的开放得益于以色列和黎巴嫩之间的停火协议。然而,这只能算作一项临时且脆弱的协议。” 达拉斯联储的分析假设,由于霍尔木兹海峡关闭一个季度,全球石油供应将出现15%的缺口。文章中的通胀数据指的是个人消费支出价格指数(PCE)。 文章作者指出:“在当前情景下,2026年第四季度环比,总体PCE通胀率将上升0.6个百分点,核心PCE通胀率将上升0.2个百分点。” 假设霍尔木兹海峡关闭三个季度,达拉斯联储的报告显示,美国总体通胀率将上升1.1个百分点,核心价格将上升0.3个百分点。 美国央行在周三发布的最新褐皮书中表示,自战争爆发以来,其大部分地区的物价上涨幅度较为温和。上周公布的官方数据显示,3月份消费者通胀率加速至近四年来的最高月度水平。 美联储3月17日至18日会议纪要显示,鉴于中东冲突加剧了通胀和就业风险,美联储应“灵活”调整货币政策。 达拉斯联储的研究人员表示:“我们的分析涵盖了各种可能的结果。通胀结果的差异源于对石油供应中断性质的不同假设,这反映了公众认知的差异。随着中东地缘政治局势的演变,每种情景的相关性可能会发生变化。”
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