-- 据美国农场局联合会称,由于霍尔木兹海峡实际关闭导致供应中断,美国农民正面临化肥价格上涨的困境。 该倡导组织于4月3日至11日进行的一项调查显示,在接受调查的5700多名农民中,约有70%的人无法负担全部化肥需求。 根据农场局周二在其网站上发布的一份报告,化肥价格上涨带来的持续困境在南部和东北部地区似乎“最为严峻”,这些地区的农民还受到农用柴油价格飙升的冲击。 该报告的作者、美国农场局联合会的经济学家费丝·帕鲁姆表示:“近六成农民表示财务状况恶化,这反映出春播期间化肥和燃料成本的上涨,也凸显了为维持农场正常运转而迫切需要经济援助。” 自2月底伊朗与美国和以色列爆发战争以来,伊朗一直阻止商船通过霍尔木兹海峡,导致经由该海峡的货物运输中断。根据联合国贸易和发展组织最近的一份报告,该海峡承载着全球约四分之一的海上石油贸易和约三分之一的海上化肥贸易。 上周末在巴基斯坦举行的美伊和平谈判无果而终后,美国海军对伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡的港口实施了封锁。尽管如此,华盛顿和德黑兰之间为期两周的停火协议仍然有效。 “自俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来,燃料和化肥市场波动最为剧烈。中东局势的动荡以及霍尔木兹海峡的关闭将最终决定未来几个月的农业生产成本——鉴于农作物价格处于历史低位,这一因素将对农场利润产生重大影响,”帕鲁姆说道。 调查显示,南方只有19%的农民能够在春播前采购到所需的化肥,而中西部地区的这一比例为67%。 帕鲁姆表示,自战争爆发以来,农用柴油价格已飙升46%。 她还说:“能源价格上涨也推高了氮肥的生产成本,而氮肥的生产严重依赖天然气作为原料。燃料和化肥成本的叠加上涨,解释了为什么超过90%的受访农民表示,他们的财务状况与去年相比恶化或持平。”
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