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調查顯示,霍爾木茲化肥廠關閉後,美國農民面臨化肥價格挑戰

-- 據美國農場局聯合會稱,由於霍爾木茲海峽實際關閉導致供應中斷,美國農民正面臨化肥價格上漲的困境。 該倡議組織於4月3日至11日進行的一項調查顯示,在受訪的5,700多名農民中,約有70%的人無法負擔全部化肥需求。 根據農場局週二在其網站上發布的一份報告,化肥價格上漲帶來的持續困境在南部和東北部地區似乎“最為嚴峻”,這些地區的農民還受到農用柴油價格飆升的衝擊。 該報告的作者、美國農場局聯合會的經濟學家費絲·帕魯姆表示:“近六成農民表示財務狀況惡化,這反映出春播期間化肥和燃料成本的上漲,也凸顯了為維持農場正常運轉而迫切需要經濟援助。” 自2月底伊朗與美國和以色列爆發戰爭以來,伊朗一直阻止商船通過霍爾木茲海峽,導致經由該海峽的貨物運輸中斷。根據聯合國貿易和發展組織最近的報告,該海峽承載著全球約四分之一的海上石油貿易和約三分之一的海上化肥貿易。 上週末在巴基斯坦舉行的美伊和平談判無果而終後,美國海軍對伊朗在霍爾木茲海峽的港口實施了封鎖。儘管如此,華盛頓和德黑蘭之間為期兩週的停火協議仍然有效。 「自俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭以來,燃料和化肥市場波動最為劇烈。中東局勢的動盪以及霍爾木茲海峽的關閉將最終決定未來幾個月的農業生產成本——鑑於農作物價格處於歷史低位,這一因素將對農場利潤產生重大影響,」帕魯姆說。 調查顯示,南方只有19%的農民能夠在春播前採購到所需的化肥,而中西部地區的比例為67%。 帕魯姆表示,自戰爭爆發以來,農用柴油價格已飆升46%。 她還說:“能源價格上漲也推高了氮肥的生產成本,而氮肥的生產嚴重依賴天然氣作為原料。燃料和化肥成本的疊加上漲,解釋了為什麼超過90%的受訪農民表示,他們的財務狀況與去年相比惡化或持平。”

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