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能源经济与金融分析研究所称,澳大利亚要求液化天然气出口商预留20%的天然气供应国内市场。

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-- 能源经济与金融分析研究所(IEEFA)的策略师周五在一份报告中指出,澳大利亚将从2027年7月起强制要求东海岸的液化天然气(LNG)出口商预留20%的供应量供国内用户使用,以缓解天然气短缺并降低价格。 IEEFA分析师表示,这项预留政策预计将在澳大利亚东部造成天然气供应略微过剩,并对价格施加下行压力。自2015年昆士兰州开始出口LNG以来,澳大利亚天然气价格已上涨近三倍。 与此同时,澳大利亚能源市场运营商(AEMO)警告称,随着吉普斯兰盆地传统海上气田产量下降,澳大利亚东部到2029年可能面临天然气短缺。 澳大利亚联邦资源部长玛德琳·金表示,政府将立法规定国内供应义务,同时允许出口商履行在2025年12月22日之前签署的现有长期出口承诺。 能源经济与金融分析研究所(IEEFA)澳大利亚石油天然气能源金融分析师凯文·莫里森表示,澳大利亚是全球最大的液化天然气(LNG)出口国之一,其约80%的天然气产量主要出口到亚洲买家,包括日本、中国和韩国。 莫里森表示,随着制造商和化工生产商努力应对高昂的能源成本,人们对国内供应的担忧日益加剧。 这项预留政策将适用于在昆士兰州运营的LNG生产商,过去十年间,昆士兰州格拉德斯通的三座大型出口工厂相继建成。 IEEFA表示,LNG出口从澳大利亚东部国内天然气市场迅速扩张至国际价格,导致一些依赖天然气的行业(包括化肥厂)被迫关闭。 与此同时,该咨询公司表示,这项政策也可能重塑LNG出口商之间的格局。 昆士兰州的两家液化天然气合资企业——Origin Energy旗下的澳大利亚太平洋液化天然气公司(Australia Pacific LNG)和壳牌公司(SHEL)运营的昆士兰柯蒂斯液化天然气公司(Queensland Curtis LNG)——已开始向国内市场供应天然气。桑托斯公司牵头的格拉德斯通液化天然气公司(Gladstone LNG)则严重依赖从第三方生产商处购买天然气来履行出口承诺。 莫里森表示,这种做法减少了本地用户的天然气供应,并导致价格上涨和供应担忧。 这项预留政策与西澳大利亚州于2006年推出的国内天然气政策类似,该政策大致要求液化天然气出口商预留15%的产量供本地使用。然而,能源经济与金融分析研究所(IEEFA)指出,该政策的执行情况不佳,2023年仅有8%的天然气供应国内。 IEEFA表示,新政策的有效性将取决于最终的立法和磋商过程,并指出其中的漏洞可能会削弱其对国内供应的影响。

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