-- 聯準會3月17日至18日會議紀要週三顯示,鑑於中東衝突加劇了通膨和就業風險,聯準會應「靈活」調整貨幣政策。 在這次會議上,聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)決定將政策利率維持在3.50%至3.75%的區間不變,這是連續第二次維持利率不變,原因是美以衝突引發了不確定性。 FOMC當時的經濟預測摘要繼續表明,今年可能採取寬鬆的貨幣政策。 會議記錄週三顯示:“鑑於經濟不確定性加劇,與會者強調,必鬚根據最新數據、不斷變化的經濟前景以及風險平衡,靈活調整政策立場。” “許多與會者認為,如果通脹如預期般下降,那麼最終可能需要下調聯邦基金利率的目標區間。” 根據這份文件,幾位政策制定者將潛在寬鬆政策的預期時間「進一步推遲」。 會議記錄顯示,“絕大多數與會者認為通膨上行風險和就業下行風險均已升高,並且大多數與會者指出,隨著中東局勢的發展,這些風險進一步加劇。” 週二,美國和伊朗同意停火兩週。這場始於2月底的戰爭蔓延至整個中東地區,並切斷了至關重要的霍爾木茲海峽的運輸,推高了能源價格。 西德州中質原油期貨價格盤一度下跌近15%,至每桶96.34美元,布蘭特原油期貨價格也下跌12%,至每桶96.55美元。儘管價格下跌,但仍遠高於戰前水準。 道明經濟高級經濟學家安德魯·亨西克週三在一份報告中表示:“我們的基本觀點是,隨著(能源價格)衝擊逐漸消退,通脹壓力也將隨之減弱。” “這或許會為美聯儲在下半年實現利率正常化打開大門。” 週三公佈的會議紀錄顯示,大多數政策制定者擔心曠日持久的戰爭可能會使勞動市場狀況惡化,可能需要進一步放鬆貨幣政策。 本月早些時候,官方數據顯示,3月新增就業人數超出預期,失業率較上月從4.4%小幅下降至4.3%。 最新的會議紀錄指出,「許多與會者指出,在油價持續上漲的情況下,通膨可能比預期更長時間地維持在高位,這可能需要加息以幫助通膨降至委員會2%的目標水平,並使長期通膨預期保持穩定。」「與會者預計,在適當的貨幣政策下,隨著關稅上調和油價上漲的影響逐漸消退,1% 2% 的目標委員會。 據芝商所FedWatch工具顯示,市場普遍預期聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)將在本月稍後維持利率不變。
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