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美國製造業煤炭使用量減半,南部地區使用量下降75%,美國能源資訊署稱

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-- 美國用於非發電用途(主要為製造業)的煤炭供應量大幅下降,過去15年間減少了近一半。美國能源資訊署(EIA)週一表示,降幅最大的地區是南部,該地區用於非發電用途的煤炭使用量在2010年至2025年間暴跌了75%。 根據EIA年度和季度煤炭分配報告的數據,南部地區75%的降幅相當於減少了1,470萬短噸。 2010年,南部地區的煤炭接收量是東北地區的兩倍多,但到2025年,這兩個地區的接收量將趨於一致。這種轉變主要是由於製造商轉向天然氣以及依賴煤炭的工廠關閉所致。 與2010年的水準相比,南部大多數州的煤炭接收量都有所下降。煤炭總量降幅最大的地區是阿巴拉契亞山脈沿線各州,包括西維吉尼亞州、阿拉巴馬州、維吉尼亞州、田納西州、肯塔基州和喬治亞州,平均每個州的降幅約為170萬個標準噸(MMst)。從百分比來看,佛羅裡達州、西維吉尼亞州、喬治亞州、德克薩斯州和南卡羅來納州的降幅均達到90%或以上。路易斯安那州是唯一的例外,其煤炭接收量增加了775%,約20萬標準噸,儘管如此,到2025年,路易斯安那州的煤炭接收量仍僅佔南部地區非發電煤炭總量的5%左右。 煤炭歷來在南部地區的製造業中扮演重要角色,該地區約8%的煤炭用於發電以外的用途。然而,2022年製造業能源消耗調查的數據顯示,美國製造業的煤炭使用量從2010年的6,000萬標準噸下降到2022年的4,300萬標準噸,降幅達28%。南部地區對天然氣使用量的下降貢獻最大,下降了60%,從2,000萬標準噸降至800萬標準噸。導致天然氣使用量下降的主要產業包括造紙、初級金屬(尤其是鋼鐵)、化學和焦炭生產。在某些情況下,需求下降反映了工廠關閉,例如阿拉巴馬州和西維吉尼亞州的焦化廠。同時,這些產業在同一時期天然氣使用量卻成長了16%至200%。

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