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美國能源資訊署稱,2026年美國水力發電量預計將有所成長,但仍低於平均值。

-- 美國能源資訊署週二發布的一份報告稱,預計2026年美國水力發電量將成長約5%,但由於部分地區遭遇降雪乾旱,仍將低於長期平均水平。 該機構在最新預測中預計,2026年美國水力發電量將達到2,590億度,約占美國總發電量的6%。這將比2025年的2,450億千瓦時有所成長,而2025年的發電量本身又比有紀錄以來最低的2024年高出約40億度。 儘管有所增長,但預計2026年的發電量仍將比10年平均水平低約1.8%,這反映出西部幾個州冬季異常溫暖導致可用水量減少。 季節性降水,包括降雨和積雪,仍然是水力發電量的關鍵驅動因素。充足的降水有助於保持土壤水分和積雪,積雪如同天然水庫,在溫暖的月份為河流和水壩提供水源。 西部區域氣候中心的數據顯示,美國西部大部分地區的降水量接近正常。然而,創紀錄的暖冬氣溫導致了大規模的雪災。 3月的熱浪加速了加州、西南部和太平洋西北地區部分地區的積雪融化,這可能導致春夏季用水高峰期供水減少。 在西北部,哥倫比亞河流域預計將出現顯著變化。該流域擁有美國超過三分之一的水力發電裝置容量,並為超過400萬戶家庭供電。美國能源資訊署(EIA)預測,2026年,西北部和落磯山脈地區的發電量將達到1,250億度,比2025年成長17%,但仍比10年平均低約4%。 2025年12月和2026年1月異常高的水力發電量,是由一系列大氣河流引發的嚴重洪災造成的,促成了同比發電量的增長。該機構表示,其預測部分參考了美國國家海洋暨大氣總署西北河流預報中心提供的供水預測數據。 在加州,預計2026年水力發電量將降至285億千瓦時,比前一年下降6%,但仍比10年平均高出15%。 截至4月1日,該州水庫水位保持強勁,主要水庫水位均超過歷史平均水準。該州最大的兩個水庫——沙斯塔水庫和奧羅維爾水庫——的水位分別達到歷史平均的114%和124%。加州也連續三週未出現乾旱。 然而,根據加州水資源部稱,積雪量仍遠低於正常水平,內華達山脈北部僅為平均水平的7%,中部為25%,南部為39%。 3月份高於正常水平的氣溫進一步加速了積雪融化,可能會限制今年稍後的水資源供應。 美國能源資訊署(EIA)表示,儘管近期整體情況有所改善,但這些因素預計仍將對水力發電造成不利影響。

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