-- 根據美國能源資訊署(EIA)戰略家週一發布的一份報告顯示,中國、美國和日本在2026年擁有全球最大的戰略石油庫存,凸顯了這些國家在緩衝全球市場免受供應衝擊方面發揮的核心作用。 EIA分析師表示,這些庫存是在國際能源署成員國於2026年3月達成協調緊急釋放協議之前建立的,該協議是在中東衝突爆發導致霍爾木茲海峽關閉後達成的。 中國已成為全球最大的戰略原油持有國,預計到2025年底,其庫存將達到約14億桶。 EIA表示,中國去年平均每天增加110萬桶庫存。 該機構稱:“在伊朗衝突爆發之前,初步政府數據顯示,中國在2026年繼續增加庫存。” 美國則位居第二,其戰略石油儲備在2025年底約為4.13億桶,遠低於7.14億桶的最大容量。 美國能源資訊署(EIA)表示,在2026年3月協調釋出前,美國戰略石油儲備曾超過4.15億桶,截至4月10日約4.09億桶。 EIA分析師指出:“戰略石油儲備與美國超過4億桶的商業原油庫存是分開的。” 日本擁有第三大政府控制的石油儲備,為2.63億桶。日本也強制要求工業部門維持相當於約70天需求量的額外庫存,但這些庫存不計入官方的戰略石油儲備總量。 歐洲經合組織(OECD)國家的政府石油儲備估計為1.79億桶,而韓國的儲備約為7,900萬桶。 在經合組織以外,美國能源資訊署(EIA)預測,由於透明度有限以及商業和國家控制的儲存設施存在重疊,戰略儲備的評估仍然十分困難。 EIA表示,沙烏地阿拉伯的陸上庫存預計為8,200萬桶,不包括儲存在韓國和日本等海外的庫存。阿聯酋的陸上庫存約為3,400萬桶,富查伊拉港的額外儲存能力尚未公開揭露。 伊朗的陸上庫存預計為7,100萬桶,但包括在中國在內的海外儲存的原油數量無法量化。 根據印度戰略石油儲備的數據,截至2025年3月,印度的戰略石油儲備約為2,140萬桶,並且一直在探索擴大國內外儲存能力的方案。
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