-- 聯準會週三發布的最新經濟報告顯示,自上次發布褐皮書以來,美國大部分聯邦儲備區的經濟活動均有所增長,但部分地區經濟疲軟,能源價格普遍上漲。 褐皮書指出:「在12個聯邦儲備區中,有8個區的整體經濟活動增速略有至溫和增長,2個區幾乎沒有變化,另有2個區出現輕微至溫和的下滑。」報告還指出:「中東衝突被認為是造成不確定性的主要來源,使企業在招聘、定價和資本投資方面的決策變得複雜,許多企業採取了觀望態度。」 製造業活動小幅成長,消費者支出也略有上升,儘管面臨冬季嚴寒和燃油價格上漲的挑戰。 能源活動受惠於油價上漲,但不確定性仍然存在。整體商業前景顯示出對未來狀況普遍存在的不確定性。 除一個區出現下降外,就業人數維持穩定或略有成長。大多數區的勞動力需求穩定,主要以替代性招募為主,裁員人數極少,但對臨時工的需求增加。 勞動力供應情況有所改善,但部分產業仍面臨技術工人短缺的問題。 「雖然大多數地區表示人工智慧尚未對整體人員配置水平產生顯著影響,但一些地區指出,人工智慧驅動的生產力提升使許多公司能夠推遲或減少招聘,」褐皮書顯示。 薪資成長速度較為溫和,除部分產業和醫療保健產業外,薪資競爭並不激烈。 整體而言,價格成長較為溫和,但投入成本(尤其是能源產品)的上漲速度超過了銷售價格。 「受中東衝突的影響,所有地區的能源和燃料成本都大幅上漲,導致貨運和運輸成本上升,塑膠、化肥和其他石油基產品的價格也上漲,」褐皮書顯示,並補充說,除能源以外,其他行業的投入成本也有所上升。 該報告由紐約聯邦儲備銀行根據4月6日或之前收集的資訊編制,早於4月10日發布的3月份消費者價格報告。
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