-- 美國財政部週五宣布對三家伊朗貨幣兌換機構及其關聯空殼公司網絡實施制裁，指控它們轉移數十億美元的外匯以支持德黑蘭的石油產業。 財政部外國資產管制辦公室表示，這些制裁是「經濟狂怒」（Economic Fury）行動的一部分，該行動旨在瓦解伊朗的影子銀行體系。 受制裁的公司包括：佩德拉姆·皮魯贊合夥公司（Pedram Pirouzan and Associates Partnership，又名Opal Exchange）、納賽爾·加塞米·拉德合夥公司（Nasser Ghasemi Rad and Associates Partnership，又名Radin Exchange）以及塔哈約裡合夥公司（Tahayyori and Partnership，又名Arz Iran Exchange）。這些公司被指控每年促成數十億美元的交易。 財政部表示，這些實體協助將通常以人民幣形式收取的石油收入兌換成伊朗軍方及其附屬組織可以使用的貨幣。 美國財政部表示，這些外匯兌換機構與受制裁的伊朗銀行有關聯的所謂「拉巴爾」（rahbar）網絡協同運作，並與多家石油出口商和金融中介機構合作。 據稱，這些公司依靠設在境外的幌子公司和商業銀行帳戶處理跨司法管轄區的交易，掩蓋其與受制裁實體（包括伊朗中央銀行和伊朗國家石油公司）的聯繫。 與這些兌換機構有關聯的個人，包括佩德拉姆·皮魯贊（Pedram Pirouzan）、侯賽因·穆罕默德·雷扎伊（Hossein Mohammad Rezaei）、馬蘇德·穆罕默德·雷扎伊（Masoud Mohammad Rezaei）、納賽爾·加塞米·拉德（Nasser Ghasemi Rad）和埃桑·塔哈約裡（Ehsan Tahayyori），也受到了製裁。 財政部外國資產管制辦公室（OFAC）也制裁了十幾家為Opal Exchange提供實質支援的公司，其中包括在多個司法管轄區註冊的貿易公司和阿聯酋的實體。 財政部表示，伊朗的影子銀行系統每年處理數百億美元的貿易，主要與石油和石化產品出口有關。 作為這項努力的一部分，自 2025 年 2 月以來，美國財政部外國資產管制辦公室 (OFAC) 已對 1,000 多名與伊朗有關的個人、船隻和飛機實施了製裁。
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