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美国能源信息署称,2026年美国水力发电量预计将有所增长,但仍低于平均水平。

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-- 美国能源信息署周二发布的一份报告称,预计2026年美国水力发电量将增长约5%,但由于部分地区遭遇降雪干旱,仍将低于长期平均水平。 该机构在其最新预测中预计,2026年美国水力发电量将达到2590亿千瓦时,约占美国总发电量的6%。这将比2025年的2450亿千瓦时有所增长,而2025年的发电量本身又比有记录以来最低的2024年高出约40亿千瓦时。 尽管有所增长,但预计2026年的发电量仍将比10年平均水平低约1.8%,这反映出西部几个州冬季异常温暖导致可用水量减少。 季节性降水,包括降雨和积雪,仍然是水力发电量的关键驱动因素。充足的降水有助于保持土壤水分和积雪,积雪如同天然水库,在温暖的月份为河流和水坝提供水源。 西部区域气候中心的数据显示,美国西部大部分地区的降水量接近正常水平。然而,创纪录的暖冬气温导致了大范围的雪灾。 3月份的热浪加速了加利福尼亚州、西南部和太平洋西北地区部分地区的积雪融化,这可能导致春夏季用水高峰期供水减少。 在西北部,哥伦比亚河流域预计将出现显著变化。该流域拥有美国超过三分之一的水力发电装机容量,并为超过400万户家庭供电。美国能源信息署(EIA)预测,到2026年,西北部和落基山脉地区的发电量将达到1250亿千瓦时,比2025年增长17%,但仍比10年平均水平低约4%。 2025年12月和2026年1月异常高的水力发电量,是由一系列大气河流引发的严重洪灾造成的,这促成了同比发电量的增长。该机构表示,其预测部分参考了美国国家海洋和大气管理局西北河流预报中心提供的供水预测数据。 在加利福尼亚州,预计2026年水力发电量将降至285亿千瓦时,比上年下降6%,但仍比10年平均水平高出15%。 截至4月1日,该州水库水位保持强劲,主要水库水位均超过历史平均水平。该州最大的两个水库——沙斯塔水库和奥罗维尔水库——的水位分别达到历史平均水平的114%和124%。加州还连续三周未出现干旱。 然而,据加州水资源部称,积雪量仍远低于正常水平,内华达山脉北部仅为平均水平的7%,中部为25%,南部为39%。 3月份高于正常水平的气温进一步加速了积雪融化,可能会限制今年晚些时候的水资源供应。 美国能源信息署(EIA)表示,尽管近期整体情况有所改善,但这些因素预计仍将对水力发电造成不利影响。

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