-- 美国能源信息署(EIA)策略师周四在一份报告中指出,随着新的液化天然气(LNG)项目投入运营,以及全球需求在供应中断的情况下走强,美国天然气出口量预计将在2027年之前持续增长。 EIA在其最新的《短期能源展望》中预测,到2026年,美国天然气净出口量将增长18%,达到每日187亿立方英尺,并在明年再增长10%,达到每日205亿立方英尺。 该机构表示,增长主要得益于LNG产能的扩张以及输往墨西哥的管道天然气运输量的稳步增长。 预计到2026年,液化天然气(LNG)出口量将增加19亿立方英尺/日,平均达到170亿立方英尺/日,2027年还将进一步增长9%。管道出口预计增长较为温和,2026年增长4%,2027年增长2%。 此次增长正值全球对美国LNG的需求因霍尔木兹海峡的供应中断而增强之际。霍尔木兹海峡的紧张局势导致主要产气国的LNG供应减少。此次供应中断主要影响卡塔尔,已造成超过100亿立方英尺/日的供应中断,约占全球LNG产量的五分之一。 卡塔尔的出口能力也受到基础设施损坏的影响。美国能源信息署(EIA)的战略专家表示,3月份对拉斯拉凡LNG工厂的袭击导致两条液化生产线停产,产能下降约17%。 分析人士指出,卡塔尔国家能源公司(QatarEnergy)表示,维修工作可能需要数年时间,这将延长全球市场的供应紧张局面。 然而,在此背景下,预计美国出口终端即使在2025年接近满负荷运转后,仍将保持较高的利用率。目前出口能力峰值为183亿立方英尺/日(Bcf/d),但一系列新项目将进一步提升这一上限。 科珀斯克里斯蒂三期项目(Corpus Christi Stage 3)和金山口液化天然气项目(Golden Pass LNG)预计将于2026年开始增产,而亚瑟港液化天然气项目(Port Arthur LNG)、里奥格兰德液化天然气项目(Rio Grande LNG)以及金山口项目的新增产能预计将于2027年开始出口。 包括普拉克明斯液化天然气项目(Plaquemines LNG)和厄尔巴岛液化天然气项目(Elba Island LNG)在内的现有设施也已获准扩大产量。 欧洲已成为美国液化天然气的主要出口目的地。美国能源信息署(EIA)表示,2025年该地区的天然气出货量将达到创纪录的103亿立方英尺/日(Bcf/d),占总出口量的68%,原因是买家持续减少对俄罗斯管道天然气的依赖。意大利和波兰的增长速度最快。 相比之下,对亚洲的出口量有所下降,预计2025年将降至25亿立方英尺/日。由于贸易紧张局势持续,贸易商将货物转移到其他地区,美国对中国的液化天然气出口降至零。 此外,对埃及的出口量增长了四倍,推动了对非欧洲市场出口量的整体增长。 预计管道天然气出口仍将是增长的关键支柱,到2027年将增至10立方英尺/日。EIA表示,墨西哥的需求是推动增长的主要动力,这得益于不断扩大的燃气发电和依赖美国供应的新建液化天然气出口终端。 与此同时,预计到2027年,美国液化天然气进口量将保持在极低水平,平均约为0.1亿立方英尺/日,主要用于满足新英格兰地区的季节性需求。 预计到2027年,从加拿大通过管道进口的液化天然气量将下降至80亿立方英尺/日,原因是美国阿巴拉契亚地区国内产量不断增长以及加拿大新增液化天然气出口能力减少了跨境流量。
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