-- 美联储周三发布的最新经济报告显示,自上次发布褐皮书以来,美国大部分联邦储备区的经济活动均有所增长,但部分地区经济疲软,能源价格普遍上涨。 褐皮书指出:“在12个联邦储备区中,有8个区的整体经济活动增速略有至温和增长,2个区几乎没有变化,另有2个区出现轻微至温和的下滑。”报告还指出:“中东冲突被认为是造成不确定性的主要来源,使企业在招聘、定价和资本投资方面的决策变得复杂,许多企业采取了观望态度。” 制造业活动小幅增长,消费者支出也略有上升,尽管面临冬季严寒和燃油价格上涨的挑战。 能源活动受益于油价上涨,但不确定性依然存在。整体商业前景显示出对未来状况普遍存在的不确定性。 除一个区出现下降外,就业人数保持稳定或略有增长。大多数区的劳动力需求稳定,主要以替代性招聘为主,裁员人数极少,但对临时工的需求有所增加。 劳动力供应情况有所改善,但部分行业仍面临技术工人短缺的问题。 “虽然大多数地区表示人工智能尚未对整体人员配置水平产生显著影响,但一些地区指出,人工智能驱动的生产力提升使许多公司能够推迟或减少招聘,”褐皮书显示。 工资增长速度较为温和,除部分行业和医疗保健行业外,工资竞争并不激烈。 总体而言,价格增长较为温和,但投入成本(尤其是能源产品)的上涨速度超过了销售价格。 “受中东冲突的影响,所有地区的能源和燃料成本均大幅上涨,导致货运和运输成本上升,塑料、化肥和其他石油基产品的价格也上涨,”褐皮书显示,并补充说,除能源以外,其他行业的投入成本也有所上升。 该报告由纽约联邦储备银行根据4月6日或之前收集的信息编制,早于4月10日发布的3月份消费者价格报告。
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