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美国制造业煤炭使用量减半,南部地区使用量下降75%,美国能源信息署称

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-- 美国用于非发电用途(主要为制造业)的煤炭供应量大幅下降,过去15年间减少了近一半。美国能源信息署(EIA)周一表示,降幅最大的地区是南部,该地区用于非发电用途的煤炭使用量在2010年至2025年间暴跌了75%。 根据EIA年度和季度煤炭分配报告的数据,南部地区75%的降幅相当于减少了1470万短吨。2010年,南部地区的煤炭接收量是东北地区的两倍多,但到2025年,这两个地区的接收量将趋于一致。这种转变主要是由于制造商转向天然气以及依赖煤炭的工厂关闭所致。 与2010年的水平相比,南部大多数州的煤炭接收量都有所下降。煤炭总量降幅最大的地区是阿巴拉契亚山脉沿线各州,包括西弗吉尼亚州、阿拉巴马州、弗吉尼亚州、田纳西州、肯塔基州和佐治亚州,平均每个州的降幅约为170万标准吨(MMst)。从百分比来看,佛罗里达州、西弗吉尼亚州、佐治亚州、德克萨斯州和南卡罗来纳州的降幅均达到90%或以上。路易斯安那州是唯一的例外,其煤炭接收量增长了775%,约20万标准吨,尽管如此,到2025年,路易斯安那州的煤炭接收量仍仅占南部地区非发电煤炭总量的5%左右。 煤炭历来在南部地区的制造业中扮演着重要角色,该地区约8%的煤炭用于发电以外的用途。然而,2022年制造业能源消耗调查的数据显示,美国制造业的煤炭使用量从2010年的6000万标准吨下降到2022年的4300万标准吨,降幅达28%。南部地区对天然气使用量的下降贡献最大,下降了60%,从2000万标准吨降至800万标准吨。导致天然气使用量下降的主要行业包括造纸、初级金属(尤其是钢铁)、化工和焦炭生产。在某些情况下,需求下降反映了工厂关闭,例如阿拉巴马州和西弗吉尼亚州的焦化厂。与此同时,这些行业在同一时期天然气使用量却增长了16%至200%。

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