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纽约联储主席威廉姆斯表示,战争加剧了美联储公开市场委员会对价格稳定和就业目标的风险。

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-- 纽约联储主席约翰·威廉姆斯周一表示,中东冲突加剧了美联储价格稳定和充分就业目标面临的风险,这可能导致通胀在一段时间内居高不下。 威廉姆斯在纽约市一个研讨会的事先准备好的讲话中指出,美以与伊朗的战争给全球经济带来了“重大且难以预测的风险”。这场冲突可能引发“更大规模、更广泛的供应冲击,对通胀和经济活动造成更严重的负面影响”。 这场始于2月底的战争,由于霍尔木兹海峡的运输中断,导致能源价格飙升。周一,伊朗向阿联酋发射导弹和无人机,原油价格上涨,这再次引发了人们对该地区脆弱的停火协议的担忧,该协议此前刚刚暂停了该地区的敌对行动。 威廉姆斯说:“目前,未来难以预测,我们双方面临的风险都在增加。”他预计今年美国通胀率约为3%,明年将降至美联储2%的目标水平,“因为关税和能源价格的影响将逐渐消退”。 上周公布的官方数据显示,受中东冲突的影响,美国3月份通胀率加速至2022年年中以来的最快水平。 威廉姆斯周一表示,尽管近期价格出现冲击,但通胀预期仍然“稳固”。“这一点至关重要,因为事实证明,稳固的预期对于在意外冲击和极端不确定性下确保价格稳定至关重要。” 威廉姆斯表示,在劳动力市场方面,许多硬性数据表明市场趋于稳定,而一些软性数据则显示“持续逐步放缓”。“尽管硬性数据和软性数据之间的这种差异可能反映了低招聘、低解雇的劳动力市场状况,但仍需密切关注,以判断市场状况是否正在发生变化。” 威廉姆斯表示,今年以来美国经济展现出“惊人的韧性”,并补充说,他预计失业率将维持在近期4.25%至4.50%的区间内。 周三,联邦公开市场委员会连续第三次会议维持基准贷款利率不变,称中东冲突加剧了美国经济前景的不确定性。 周五,三位曾希望修改4月份货币政策声明措辞的联邦公开市场委员会官员表示,通胀和就业风险并不足以构成所谓的宽松倾向。这三位官员分别是克利夫兰联邦储备银行行长贝丝·哈马克、明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行行长尼尔·卡什卡利和达拉斯联邦储备银行行长洛里·洛根。 威廉姆斯周一表示:“高企的通胀水平、劳动力市场发出的喜忧参半的信号以及中东冲突带来的不确定性加剧,构成了一系列不同寻常的情况,但目前的货币政策立场能够很好地平衡我们实现充分就业和价格稳定目标所面临的风险。”

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