-- 米国財務省は金曜日、イランの3つの両替会社と関連するフロント企業ネットワークに対し、数十億ドル規模の外貨をイランの石油産業支援のために移動させていたとして制裁措置を発動したと発表した。 財務省外国資産管理局(OFAC)は、今回の制裁はイランのシャドーバンキングシステムを解体することを目的とした広範なキャンペーン「エコノミック・フューリー」の一環であると述べた。 制裁対象となったのは、ペドラム・ピロウザン・アンド・アソシエイツ・パートナーシップ(通称オパール・エクスチェンジ)、ナセル・ガセミ・ラド・アンド・アソシエイツ・パートナーシップ(通称ラディン・エクスチェンジ)、タハヨリ・アンド・アソシエイツ・パートナーシップ(通称アルズ・イラン・エクスチェンジ)の3社で、年間数十億ドル規模の取引を仲介していた疑いが持たれている。 財務省によると、これらの企業は、中国人民元で受け取ることが多い石油収入を、イラン軍や関連組織が利用できる通貨に両替する役割を担っていたという。米財務省によると、これらの両替業者は、制裁対象となっているイランの銀行とつながりのある、いわゆる「ラフバール」ネットワークと連携して活動しており、複数の石油輸出業者や金融仲介業者とも取引を行っている。 これらの企業は、複数の法域にまたがる取引を処理するために、外国に拠点を置くフロント企業や商業銀行口座を利用し、イラン中央銀行やイラン国営石油会社などの制裁対象機関とのつながりを隠蔽しているとされる。 ペドラム・ピロウザン、ホセイン・モハマド・レザエイ、マスード・モハマド・レザエイ、ナセル・ガセミ・ラド、エサン・タハヨリなど、これらの両替業者に関係する個人も制裁対象となった。 また、OFAC(米国財務省外国資産管理局)は、オパール・エクスチェンジに実質的な支援を提供した十数社以上の企業にも制裁を科した。これらの企業には、複数の法域に設立された貿易会社やアラブ首長国連邦(UAE)の企業が含まれる。 米財務省によると、イランのシャドーバンキングシステムは毎年数百億ドル規模の貿易を扱っており、その多くは石油と石油化学製品の輸出に関連している。 OFAC(米国財務省外国資産管理局)は、この取り組みの一環として、2025年2月以降、イラン関連の個人、船舶、航空機1,000件以上を制裁対象としてきた。
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