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米国製造業における石炭使用量が半減、南部では75%減少、と米エネルギー情報局(EIA)が発表

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-- 米国における非発電用途(主に製造業)の石炭供給量は、過去15年間で約半減し、急激に減少している。米国エネルギー情報局(EIA)が月曜日に発表したところによると、地域別では最も減少幅が大きく、2010年から2025年の間にこれらの用途における石炭使用量が75%も減少した。 EIAの年次・四半期石炭供給報告書のデータに基づくと、南部における75%の減少は1470万ショートトンに相当する。2010年には南部は北東部の2倍以上の石炭を受け取っていたが、2025年には両地域の石炭供給量はほぼ同量となった。この変化は主に、製造業者が天然ガスへの燃料転換を進めたことと、石炭に依存する施設の閉鎖によるものである。 南部のほとんどの州で、石炭の受け入れ量は2010年の水準を下回った。総量の減少幅が最も大きかったのは、アパラチア山脈地域に位置するウェストバージニア州、アラバマ州、バージニア州、テネシー州、ケンタッキー州、ジョージア州で、それぞれ平均約170万トンの減少を記録しました。割合で見ると、フロリダ州、ウェストバージニア州、ジョージア州、テキサス州、サウスカロライナ州では90%以上の減少となりました。ルイジアナ州は唯一の例外で、石炭の受け入れ量は775%増加し、約20万トンとなりましたが、それでも2025年時点で南部全体の非発電用石炭流通量の約5%を占めるに過ぎませんでした。 石炭は歴史的に南部製造業において重要な役割を果たしており、地域全体の石炭流通量の約8%が発電以外の用途に使用されています。しかし、2022年の製造業エネルギー消費調査のデータによると、米国の製造業における石炭使用量は2010年の6,000万トンから2022年には4,300万トンへと28%減少しました。この減少に最も大きく寄与したのは南部地域で、使用量は2,000万ショートトンから800万ショートトンへと60%減少した。減少の主要因となった産業には、製紙、一次金属(特に鉄鋼)、化学、コークス製造などがある。アラバマ州やウェストバージニア州のコークス工場のように、需要減少は工場閉鎖を反映している場合もある。一方で、これらの産業は同時期に天然ガスの使用量を16%から200%増加させている。

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