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生物燃料最新動態:主要原料價格走勢與原油價格下跌趨勢一致

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-- 週四,主要生物燃料原料價格繼續跟隨原油價格下跌,儘管需求預期樂觀,但生物燃料經濟效益的疲軟仍令市場情緒承壓。 早盤交易中,芝加哥期貨交易所7月大豆油合約下跌0.96%,至每磅74.30美分;7月大豆合約下跌0.42%,至每蒲式耳11.90美元。 受美伊衝突影響,近期植物油價格波動加劇,棕櫚油相對於大豆油的折扣優勢縮小,買家目前更傾向於購買價格較低的大豆油,直到市場恢復正常。 據報道,主要買家印度已減少棕櫚油的採購量,轉而購買大豆油和葵花籽油。路透社引述經銷商估計,4月該國棕櫚油進口量較上季下降27%,至一年來的最低點50.5萬噸;同時,豆油進口量較上季下降27%,達到35.5萬噸;葵花籽油進口量更是翻了一番多,達到22個月來的最高點43.5萬噸。 標普全球的一項分析顯示,亞洲原棕櫚油與南美豆油之間的價差已從年初每噸50至100美元的折價,轉變為3月和4月每噸80至100美元的溢價。 標普全球表示:“然而,儘管近幾週豆油在固定價格基礎上競爭力有所提升,但由於高昂的運費持續制約著運往亞洲的經濟效益,大規模套利擴張仍然有限。” 美國大豆的需求上漲主要得益於中國大豆採購量的可能增加,市場參與者寄望5月中旬的川普-習近平峰會能取得正面的貿易成果。 供應方面,美國創紀錄的種植速度和巴西創紀錄的收成繼續對市場情緒構成壓力,但化肥成本上漲和天氣相關的供應風險可能構成不利因素。 在亞洲,週四馬來西亞棕櫚油期貨價格進一步下跌,因為原油和競爭對手豆油價格下跌,儘管印尼和馬來西亞不斷擴大的生物柴油計畫限制了跌幅。 繼前一交易日價格下跌2.8%之後,馬來西亞衍生性商品交易所6月原棕櫚油合約價格再下跌0.88%,至每噸4,507馬來西亞林吉特(1,152.83美元)。 7月合約價格進一步下跌0.83%,至每噸4,541林吉特。 馬來西亞林吉特走強,導致出口成本上升,也對價格構成壓力。週四,林吉特兌美元匯率再次上漲0.4%。 印尼和馬來西亞的出口市場近期有所疲軟,主要原因是持續的衝突導致對中東的出口減少,以及高價導致印度需求疲軟。 根據《馬來西亞邊緣報》報道,馬來西亞棕櫚油理事會首席執行官貝爾溫德·斯隆表示,棕櫚油價格近期上漲提升了競爭對手的競爭力,導致撒哈拉以南非洲和亞洲的需求承壓。這些地區的買家在進口方面採取了更謹慎的態度,並推遲採購直至價格恢復正常。 據報道,斯隆表示,在中國,需求模式正從棕櫚油轉向棕櫚油製品,這使得印尼相對於馬來西亞具有競爭優勢。 儘管如此,東南亞主要的棕櫚油生產商已宣布計劃加快其生物柴油項目,以確保國內能源供應,這反過來又增加了各自對棕櫚油的國內需求。 馬來西亞將於6月起將棕櫚油生物柴油的摻混比例從目前的10%提高到15%,而印尼則將於7月起將此比例從40%提高到50%。 據報道,馬來西亞的這項舉措每年將額外消耗30萬噸棕櫚油,約佔全國棕櫚油總產量的4%至5%。 Sron認為,這對出口市場的影響「有限」。 相反,Sron表示,印尼的這項舉措預計每年將額外消耗150萬噸棕櫚油,將顯著收緊出口供應。 路透社引述分析師Dorab Mistry的話說,由於生質柴油需求不斷增長,預計未來幾個月棕櫚油期貨價格將保持強勢,6月份價格可能達到每噸5000林吉特,7月中旬可能接近每噸5200林吉特。 在美國,紐約商品交易所(NYMEX)6月乙醇期貨價格連續第三個交易日下跌,週三下跌2.96%,至每加侖約1.97美元。先前公佈的美國產業週度數據顯示,乙醇出口下降,而產量和庫存增加。 截至5月1日當週,乙醇日均產量為102萬桶,高於前一週的101萬桶/日。出口量較上月下降,從17萬桶/日降至13.9萬桶/日。 相應地,國內乙醇庫存從2,590萬桶增至2,600萬桶。

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