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牛津研究所稱,霍爾木茲海峽輸油管中斷導致海灣地區原油供應減少近1,300萬桶/日。

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-- 牛津能源研究所(OIES)週五發布的一份報告指出,霍爾木茲海峽的航運中斷導致海灣地區原油日供應減少近1,300萬桶,加劇了全球燃料市場的緊張局勢和波動性。 該研究所表示,此次中斷迅速從航運中斷演變為更廣泛的生產衝擊,霍爾木茲海峽的原油和成品油運輸幾乎完全停止。 該研究所稱:「霍爾木茲海峽的航運中斷首先是一次前所未有的流量衝擊。」並補充說,這場危機暴露了該海峽在原油和成品油出口中的關鍵作用。 OIES表示,這次中斷也演變為煉油和成品油危機,海灣合作委員會煉油廠的開工率大幅下降,而亞洲煉油廠則因原油短缺和原料成本上漲而降低了加工量。 OIES指出,由於剩餘產能主要集中在受影響的海灣地區,而商業庫存和戰略儲備仍在快速消耗,全球石油市場的緩衝能力仍然有限。 美國出口成長、受制裁原油豁免以及海上油田計畫提供了暫時的緩解,但如果供應中斷持續,這些措施無法彌補海灣地區原油和燃料供應的缺口。 儘管戰略石油儲備已釋放,但經合組織原油庫存以及美國汽油和餾分油庫存仍在持續下降。儘管中東進口疲軟,但中國憑藉更大的原油儲備和儲存能力,仍然相對受到較好的保護。 實體供應中斷也蔓延至金融市場,油價波動達到歷史最高水平,主要期貨合約(尤其是海灣基準合約)的流動性狀況急劇惡化。 儘管美國對霍爾木茲原油的直接依賴程度有限,且對亞洲的出口有所增長,但由於全球石油市場壓力,美國仍面臨汽油和柴油價格上漲的局面,而頁岩油產量增長依然疲軟。 世界能源資訊署(OIES)表示,油價上漲、燃料配給和供應短缺已經對石油需求構成壓力,而供應恢復後庫存的重建可能會在後期支撐消費。 世界能源資訊署(OIES)表示,經濟復甦加速、經濟活動疲軟或需求下降幅度加大都可能對油價構成下行壓力,而供應中斷、基礎設施受損和地緣政治風險則可能維持油價波動和高位運作。 庫存減少、供應趨緊以及地緣政治環境更加分散,都可能削弱石油市場的長期韌性,並導致油價上漲風險持續高企。

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