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歐洲央行總裁警告通膨威脅,全球石油供應下降13%令經濟前景動搖。

-- 歐洲央行行長克里斯蒂娜·拉加德週一表示,全球石油供應減少13%正在加劇通膨風險,並在持續的地緣政治動盪中拖累經濟成長。 拉加德在德國銀行協會年度招待會上發表了上述演講。 拉加德表示,由於衝突時斷時續,經濟前景仍高度不確定,難以評估衝突及其影響將持續多久。 她指出,經濟不可能簡單地恢復到衝突前的狀態,預測顯示,無論是在基準情境還是下行情境下,通膨都將上升,經濟成長都將放緩。 她表示,歐元區正面臨嚴重的供應衝擊,石油日產量損失估計約1,300萬桶。 拉加德表示,儘管供應中斷規模龐大,但能源價格尚未上漲到足以完全觸發最壞情況的程度,因為市場預期這次衝擊可能是暫時的。 她補充說,如果衝突迅速緩和,經濟影響或許能夠控制;但如果中斷持續,風險仍然偏向下行。 拉加德警告稱,長期中斷可能會擴大供需缺口,並因關鍵投入品短缺而影響半導體、食品、化學和塑膠等關鍵產業。 她表示,長期短缺可能會使影響從價格上漲轉變為全面配給,這將直接打擊經濟產出,並惡化成長前景。 儘管全球供應鏈整體保持穩定,但局部地區已出現緊張局面,航空燃油價格翻了一番,一些機場已經面臨配給措施。 拉加德表示,貨幣政策面臨不確定性,其結果很大程度上取決於中斷持續的時間以及能源成本如何影響整體通膨。 她指出,通膨傳導可能受到近期價格衝擊的影響,從而提高敏感性,但需求疲軟可能會限制更廣泛的價格和薪資上漲。 拉加德補充說,財政政策將發揮關鍵作用,價格管制可以降低通膨,但會削弱減少能源消耗的動力,而收入支持則有可能刺激需求。 她表示,過去總額約佔GDP 1.7%的措施有助於緩解家庭壓力,但也延長了通膨期,並使貨幣政策的實施更加複雜。 拉加德強調,未來的支持措施必須具有針對性和臨時性,並警告稱,廣泛的財政幹預可能會損害公共財政,加劇通膨壓力。

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