-- 欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩周一警告称,不断升级的中东危机,包括霍尔木兹海峡的关闭,正对欧盟造成重大的经济和安全损害。欧盟领导人正在制定紧急和长期应对措施。 冯德莱恩表示:“恢复航行自由对我们至关重要。”她补充说,持续的不稳定局势,包括对黎巴嫩的袭击,有可能破坏更广泛的外交努力。 她呼吁各方尊重黎巴嫩主权,并全面停止敌对行动。 欧盟委员会表示,正在通过其“欧盟救济基金”(ReliefEU)调动紧急援助,以支持黎巴嫩平民,同时强调人道主义援助不能替代持久和平。 冯德莱恩表示,此次危机凸显了全球安全的相互关联性,并警告说,该地区一个部分的不稳定可能会引发更广泛的后果。 “黎巴嫩战火纷飞,中东和海湾地区就不可能保持稳定,”她说道。 经济影响立竿见影且十分严重。她指出,自44天前冲突爆发以来,欧盟化石燃料进口支出已增加超过220亿欧元(258.7亿美元),而能源供应却没有增加,这凸显了欧盟在应对外部冲击方面的脆弱性。 即便敌对行动很快结束,来自海湾地区的能源供应中断预计仍将持续,这促使欧盟委员会准备一揽子措施,并将在4月于塞浦路斯举行的欧洲理事会会议上提交。 冯德莱恩强调,在当务之急中,成员国之间需要加强协调,包括采取联合天然气储存措施、协调石油库存释放以及采取保障措施来保护欧盟单一市场。 她指出,欧盟此前在上一次供应冲击期间建立的联合天然气采购平台,汇集了数百亿立方米的需求,可以作为借鉴的典范。 欧盟委员会正在制定有针对性的临时支持措施,以保护弱势家庭和行业免受高能源成本的影响,同时计划放宽国家援助规则,允许各国政府援助受影响最大的行业。 降低能源需求将是应对措施的第三大支柱,重点是提高能源效率,例如建筑改造和工业升级。 除了采取紧急行动外,冯德莱恩还概述了降低能源成本的结构性改革措施。这些措施包括调整欧盟的排放交易体系,以及即将出台的关于电力税和电网收费的立法提案。 她表示,此次危机加剧了对化石燃料的依赖风险,并称这是近年来第二次此类冲击。“我们正在为过度依赖付出沉重代价,”她说道,并警告称,未来几年化石燃料很可能仍将是欧洲最昂贵的能源来源。 与此同时,冯德莱恩强调欧盟越来越依赖国内生产的可再生能源和核能,目前可再生能源和核能发电量占比超过70%。 她呼吁加快清洁能源的推广,改善电网基础设施,并扩大储能能力,以避免浪费并提高能源韧性。 欧盟委员会还将加快推进经济电气化,减少对进口燃料的依赖,包括即将出台的电气化战略和旨在促进进展的新目标。 为支持能源转型,冯德莱恩敦促成员国更充分地利用现有欧盟资金,并宣布计划召开一次投资会议,以调动私人资本用于能源基础设施建设,包括电网、储能和电池。
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