-- 欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德周一表示,全球石油供应减少13%正在加剧通胀风险,并在持续的地缘政治动荡中拖累经济增长。 拉加德在德国银行协会年度招待会上发表了上述讲话。 拉加德表示,由于冲突时断时续,经济前景仍然高度不确定,难以评估冲突及其影响将持续多久。 她指出,经济不可能简单地恢复到冲突前的状态,预测显示,无论是在基准情景还是下行情景下,通胀都将上升,经济增长都将放缓。 她表示,欧元区正面临严重的供应冲击,石油日产量损失估计约为1300万桶。 拉加德表示,尽管供应中断规模巨大,但能源价格尚未上涨到足以完全触发最坏情况的程度,因为市场预期此次冲击可能是暂时的。 她补充说,如果冲突迅速缓和,经济影响或许能够得到控制;但如果中断持续,风险仍然偏向下行。 拉加德警告称,长期中断可能会扩大供需缺口,并因关键投入品短缺而影响半导体、食品、化工和塑料等关键行业。 她表示,长期短缺可能会使影响从价格上涨转变为全面配给,这将直接打击经济产出,并恶化增长前景。 尽管全球供应链总体保持稳定,但局部地区已出现紧张局面,航空燃油价格翻了一番,一些机场已经面临配给措施。 拉加德表示,货币政策面临不确定性,其结果很大程度上取决于中断持续的时间以及能源成本如何影响整体通胀。 她指出,通胀传导可能受到近期价格冲击的影响,从而提高敏感性,但需求疲软可能会限制更广泛的价格和工资上涨。 拉加德补充说,财政政策将发挥关键作用,价格管制可以降低通胀,但会削弱减少能源消耗的动力,而收入支持则有可能刺激需求。 她表示,过去总额约占GDP 1.7%的措施有助于缓解家庭压力,但也延长了通胀期,并使货币政策的实施更加复杂。 拉加德强调,未来的支持措施必须具有针对性和临时性,并警告称,广泛的财政干预可能会损害公共财政,加剧通胀压力。
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