-- 歐洲運輸與環境聯合會週二表示,受中東危機影響,機票價格大幅上漲,分析指出,對化石燃料的依賴是價格飆升的核心驅動因素。 該分析指出,歐洲航空業仍極易受到石油市場衝擊的影響,並認為其主要結構性弱點在於對化石燃料的依賴,而非氣候監管。 該分析也指出,儘管排放交易體系和歐盟再燃料計畫等政策在加強能源安全方面發揮重要作用,但一些產業利害關係人卻利用地緣政治不穩定來挑戰這些政策。 分析警告稱,削弱這些氣候框架將加劇全球油價波動帶來的脆弱性,而非降低風險。 中東衝突已對能源市場造成廣泛衝擊,但由於航空業依賴該地區的石油和航空燃油,因此受到的影響尤其嚴重。 分析顯示,歐盟約95%的原油依賴進口,幾乎涵蓋了歐盟所有航空燃油生產所需的原料。 歐洲約三分之一的航空燃油需求透過直接進口精煉燃油來滿足,其中中東是主要供應國。 分析指出,歐盟約30%的航空燃油供應依賴經由霍爾木茲海峽的進口,凸顯了重大的地緣政治風險。 航空公司被迫將航班改道,避開不穩定的空域,中東的幾家區域航空公司也因衝突而停飛。 這次混亂也導致航空燃油短缺,造成航班取消和燃油成本上漲,儘管廢棄食用油等原料成本穩定,但永續航空燃油的價格卻上漲。 分析發現,與化石燃料價格的波動相比,與排放政策相關的合規成本微乎其微,駁斥了業界關於監管的說法。 短期航空燃油短缺問題應在不損害長期氣候目標的前提下得到妥善解決,並敦促政策制定者利用危機來加強歐洲的能源獨立性。 該分析呼籲歐盟維護排放交易體系,並將收益再投資於航空業,特別是擴大永續航空燃料的規模,並透過資助計畫支持創新。 該分析還建議採取需求面措施,遏制不必要的航班成長,從而減少對波動性石油進口的依賴,並在短期內提高能源安全。 分析補充說,加強可持續航空燃料強制性規定,包括歐盟永續航空燃料再融資計畫(ReFuelEU)和英國的可持續航空燃料強制性規定,對於建立國內供應體系和確保長期抵禦地緣政治動盪至關重要。
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