-- 東京のインフレ率は再び勢いを失い、物価上昇圧力が不均一に高まる中で、日本銀行が直面するジレンマを浮き彫りにした。都心のコア消費者物価指数は4月に1.5%上昇し、4年ぶりの低水準となり、日銀の目標である2%を3ヶ月連続で下回った。 この数値は5ヶ月連続の減速となり、市場予想を下回った。政策当局が注視する生鮮食品とエネルギーを除いたより狭い範囲の指数は1.9%上昇し、前月から減速した。 この軟調な数値は、政府の燃料補助金や、保育料の急減といった一時的な要因に加え、耐久財や加工食品の上昇ペースの鈍化を反映している。エネルギー価格は引き続き下落したが、そのペースは鈍化した。 しかし、この平穏は長くは続かないかもしれない。中東紛争に関連した原油価格の上昇と円安は、今後数ヶ月で輸入コストを押し上げると予想される。 損保プラスのシニアエコノミスト、小池正人氏はロイター通信に対し、「中東紛争によるコストプッシュ要因により、コア消費者物価上昇率は加速する可能性が高い。エネルギー価格だけでなく、様々な品目の価格も上昇するだろう」と述べた。 こうした見通しは、すでに政策決定を複雑化させている。 日本銀行は今週、一部の当局者が引き締めを示唆する中、政策金利を据え置いた。上田和夫総裁は柔軟な姿勢を示し、成長リスクの高まりを見守る余地を残した。 為替の動きも、状況をさらに複雑化させている。円が1ドル=160円付近まで下落したことを受け、当局は為替市場に介入し円を支えた。これは、円安が長期化すれば輸入額がさらに膨らむとの懸念を示している。
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