-- 週二,美國總統川普表示,未來兩天可能在巴基斯坦與伊朗舉行進一步會談,受此消息影響,西德州中質原油(WTI)價格大幅下跌。同時,國際能源總署表示,由於霍爾木茲海峽基本關閉,供應短缺,預計今年石油需求將下降。 5月交割的WTI原油期貨價格下跌7.80美元,收在每桶91.28美元;6月交屋的布蘭特原油期貨價格下跌4.58美元,收在每桶94.78美元。 川普的言論廣受關注,讓人們燃起了雙方達成協議、重新開放霍爾木茲海峽供油輪通行的希望。在戰爭爆發前,波斯灣國家每天五分之一的石油供應都經由霍爾木茲海峽運送。雖然該地區一些產油國已增加了衝突地區以外的管道運輸量,但大部分石油供應仍無法進入市場。 「霍爾木茲海峽(SoH)現在實際上已經完全關閉。伊朗不允許非伊朗石油通過,而美國的封鎖也阻止了伊朗石油經由霍爾木茲海峽出口。目前唯一來自中東的石油是透過東西向輸油管道從沙烏地阿拉伯輸送到紅海的延布,」SEB Research首席大宗商品策略師比雅恩·希爾德羅普(Bjarne Schdrop)寫道。 供應衝擊導致現貨油價遠高於期貨價格,各國競相爭奪稀缺的供應。 《華爾街日報》報道稱,週一,30天後交割的布蘭特原油期貨價格為每桶132.74美元,因為急需石油的買家面臨供應短缺的問題。 國際能源總署在其月度石油市場報告中表示,供應短缺導致需求下降。該機構預計,今年石油需求將下降8萬桶/日,這是自疫情爆發以來的首次下降,比先前的預測下降了73萬桶/日。 報告指出:“最初,石油消費量降幅最大的地區是中東和亞太地區,主要集中在石腦油、液化石油氣和航空煤油。然而,隨著短缺和高價持續,需求下降的趨勢將會蔓延。” 該機構表示,由於霍爾木茲海峽關閉以及伊朗襲擊波斯灣地區的石油基礎設施,3月份石油供應量下降了1,010萬桶/日,至9,700萬桶/日。上個月全球石油庫存減少了8,500萬桶,其中中東以外的庫存減少了2.05億桶。 報告指出:“恢復霍爾木茲海峽的石油運輸仍然是緩解能源供應、價格和全球經濟壓力的最重要因素……通過該海峽的運輸仍然受到嚴重限制,原油、天然氣凝析液和成品油的裝載量平均約為380萬桶/日,而危機爆發前的2月份這一數字超過2000萬桶/日。”
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