-- 日本央行3月18日至19日會議紀要週四顯示,政策制定者討論瞭如果伊朗衝突引發的油價衝擊持續並加劇通脹,則有必要進一步加息。 這次3月會議是日本央行自2月底美以聯軍空襲伊朗以來的首次政策會議。委員會維持短期政策利率在0.75%不變,但由於油價飆升加劇了日圓疲軟帶來的通膨壓力,因此仍保持緊縮政策傾向。 多位委員警告稱,央行不能忽視能源成本上漲可能推高通膨預期並促使企業繼續將成本轉嫁給消費者的風險。一位政策制定者呼籲「不間隔太長」地升息,另一位則表示,如果經濟在中東衝突中保持韌性,日本央行應「毫不猶豫」地收緊政策。 會議紀錄顯示,許多委員認為這次油價衝擊是暫時的,並表示日本央行應基本忽略短期內由供應驅動的價格上漲。但政策制定者也警告稱,長期的衝突可能會引發對潛在通膨的二次影響,需要採取貨幣政策應對措施。 這次討論反映出日本央行對通膨上行風險日益增長的擔憂。日本央行行長上田一夫在3月份的會議後表示,政策制定者更加關注通膨風險而非經濟成長的下行風險,同時警告稱,原油價格上漲和日圓走軟可能會推高物價,使其高於預期。 在4月29日至30日舉行的日本央行會議上,鷹派立場進一步加強。九名理事中有三人提議將利率上調至1.0%,這是自2016年以來反對票最多的一次。日本央行也大幅上調了通膨預期,並警告企業越來越願意將更高的成本轉嫁給消費者。 路透社引述匯豐銀行駐香港首席亞洲經濟學家弗雷德·諾伊曼在4月份會議後的話稱:“儘管日本央行維持利率不變,但這三張反對票凸顯了貨幣官員面臨的壓力。” 諾伊曼補充說:“鑑於日本通膨預期較高,且由於能源危機而進一步上升,日本央行將在適當時候提高利率,以防止價格壓力進一步加劇。”
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