-- 日本の生産者物価指数は3月に小幅上昇した。これは、国内企業が燃料費の高騰に直面したためだ。 日本銀行が金曜日に発表したところによると、日本の生産者物価指数(PPI)は3月に前年同月比2.6%上昇し、2月の2.1%上昇に続く上昇となった。 PPIは3月に2月から0.8%上昇したが、石油・石炭サブ指数は前月比7.7%上昇した。これは、3月初旬のホルムズ海峡封鎖後の世界的な燃料価格の高騰を反映している。 世界の石油生産量の約20%がホルムズ海峡を通過するが、同海峡はイランによって事実上封鎖されている。 日本のPPIは、国内生産者が工場出荷段階で大手バイヤーとの取引において受け取る販売価格を測定する。小売店での価格を測定する消費者物価指数(CPI)とは異なる。 日本銀行の発表によると、3月の生産者物価指数(PPI)は、繊維製品が2月比3%上昇したものの、その他のサブ指数は概ね小幅な上昇にとどまった。 日本のPPIはパンデミック期に加速し、2022年12月には前年同月比10.6%増のピークを迎えた。 その後、2025年初頭には前年同月比4%超の上昇を記録したが、それ以降は徐々に減速し、3月の発表に至った。 PPIは、小売業者が仕入れコストを回収して棚に商品を並べようとするため、消費者物価の先行指標の一つとみなされている。 日本銀行は、生鮮食品を除いたコア消費者物価指数(CPI-core)について、年率2%の上昇目標を設定している。当局者によると、この指標は2月に前年同月比1.6%上昇し、2025年11月の目標である2%上昇から減速した。 次回の日本銀行金融政策決定会合は4月下旬に予定されている。中央銀行は、原油価格高騰によるインフレだけでなく、成長が鈍化している経済、そして燃料費の高騰によって成長が阻害される可能性のある経済にも直面することになるだろう。
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